(81) Eichmann, pp. 65, 75–76.
(82) Eichmann, p. 126.
(83) Eichmann, pp. 287, 45.
(84) Eichmann, pp. 29, 31–33, 52, 61–62, 81–82, 113, 126, 234.
(85) Eichmann, pp. 31–32.
(86) Eichmann, pp. 111, 134.
(87) Between Friends, p. 275.
(88) Eichmann, p. 286. См. также: Between Friends, p. 160.
(89) Eichmann, p. 75.
(90) Eichmann, p. 93.
(91) Eichmann, p. 42.
(92) Eichmann, p. 105.
(93) Eichmann, pp. 29, 46, 47, 238.
(94) Eichmann, p. 238.
(95) Eichmann, p. 33.
(96) Eichmann, p. 105.
(97) Eichmann, p. 93.
(98) Eichmann, pp. 93. 105, 135–38, 143-50.
(99) Eichmann, p. 276.
(100) Eichmann, pp. 85–86, 277.
(101) Eichmann, p. 126.
(102) Eichmann, p. 126.
(103) Eichmann, pp. 269, 279. Таким образом, я выступаю против Канавона, Виллы и Бернстайна, объединяющих подход Арендт к избыточности людей в «Истоках» с подходом к избыточности народов в «Эйхмане». В «Истоках» избыточность значила утрату значимости индивида; в «Эйхмане» избыточность значила постепенное исчезновение обособленных людей. См.: Canavon, Hannah Arendt, p. 24; Villa, Politics, Philosophy, Terror, pp. 13–14, 19–20; Bernstein, pp. 143-45. Я также выступаю против критиков, заявляющих, что Арендт выказала больше внимания нападению на еврейский народ в «Истоках», чем в «Эйхмане». Во всяком случае, в «Истоках» она проявила гораздо меньше заинтересованности в этих преступлениях как преступлениях непосредственно против евреев.
(104) Цит. в: Young-Bruehl, p. 356.
(105) Eichmann, pp. 120, 124, 165, 171–73, 279. См. также: Correspondence, p. 485. юб. Eichmann, pp. n-12, 124-25.
(107) Correspondence, p. 417.
(108) Eichmann, p. 125.
(109) Eichmann, pp. 10–11, 39, 117, 131-33, 154, 186–88.
(110) См.: Yehuda Bauer, Rethinking the Holocaust (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 119-66.
(111) An Exchange of Letters Between Gershom Scholem and Hannah Arendt, в изд.: The Jew as Pariah, pp. 250-51.
(112) Franz Kafka, в изд.: Essays in Understanding, p. 78; Correspondence, p. 62.
(113) Between Friends, p. 166; См. также: Correspondence, p. 479; «What Remains? The Lan guage Remains,» в изд.: Essays in Understanding, p. 16.
(114) Daniel Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust (New York: Knopf, 1996), pp. 580-81; Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 10 and the Final Solution in Poland (New York: HarperCollins, 1992, 1998), pp. 159-89. См. также: William Sheridan Allen, The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experience of a Single German Town 1922–1945 (New York: Franklin Watts, 1954, 1984).
(115) Bauer, p. 105.
(116) Saul Friedlander, Nazi Germany and the Jews, Vol. 1. The Years of Persecution (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), pp. 73-112; Jeffrey Herf, Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984).
(117) Tzvetan Todorov, Facing the Extreme: Moral Life in the Concentration Camps (New York: Metropolitan Books, 1996).
(118) Getty and Naumov, pp. 6, 14.
(119) Lewis Siegelbaum and Andrei Sokolov, Stalinism as a Way of Life: A Narrative in Documents (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), p. 8; Sheila Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 175-78.
(120) Elena Zubkova, Russia After the War: Hopes, Illusions, and Disappointments. 1945–1957 (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), pp. 161-63.
(121) Fitzpatrick, p. 208.
(122) Richard Bernstein, The Origins of Totalitarianism: Not History, but Politics, Social Research (Summer 2002), pp. 382, 391; Villa, Politics, Philosophy, Terror, pp. 13–14, 37–38, См. его глубоко содержательные замечания: 52–60; Tsao, pp. 611-12.
(123) См. среди прочего: Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 200); Michael Walzer, On Toleration (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), pp. 91, 98-101; Michael Sandel, Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 3–4; Amitai Etzioni, The New Golden Rule (New York: Basic Books, 1996), p. 27; Benjamin Barber, Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism Are Reshaping the World (New York: Ballantine, 1995, 1996); Benjamin Barber, Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), pp. 109-14.
(124) Isaac, pp. 60–64; Irving Howe, Totalitarianism Reconsidered: Yesterday’s Theo ries, Today’s Realities, Dissent (Winter 1991), p. 67. Более точные формулировки в кн.: Kateb, p. 54.
(125) Intimacy and Terror: Soviet Diaries of the 1930s / ed. Veronique Garros, Natalia Korenevskaya and Thomas Lahusen (New York: New Press, 1995); Sheila Fitzpatrick, Stalin’s Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village After Collectivization (New York: Oxford University Press. 1994): Ian T. Gross. Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001); Tina Rosenberg, The Haunted Land: Facing Europe`s Ghosts After Communism (New York: Vintage, 1995); Patricia Politzer, Fear in Chile: Lives Under Pinochet (New York: New Press, 1989, 2001); Lawrence Weschler, A Miracle, a Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990, 1998); Tina Rosenberg, Children of Cain; Violence and Violent in Latin America (New York; Penguin, 1991), pp. 77-142, 333-87; Mark Danner, The Massacre at El Mozote: A Parable of the Cold War (New York: Vintage, 1993); Daniel Wilkinson, Silence on the Mountain: Stories of Terror, Betrayal and Forgetting in Guatemala (Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 2002).
(126) Kristin Ross, May Day and Its Afterlives (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), pp. 150-51; Todd Gitlin and Sean Wilentz, To Those Who Supported the Nader Campaign, Dissent (Spring 2001), pp. 903-96.
5. Следы того дня*
(1) Alexis de Tocqueville, «France Before the Consulate», в изд.: Memoirs, Letters, and Remains of Alexis de Tocqueville (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1862), pp. 262–263. См. также: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Philosophy of Right, trans. T. M. Knox (New York: Oxford University Press, 1952, 1967), № 324, p. 210; Ралф Уолдо Эмерсон. Героизм. — В изд.: Р. Эмерсон. Эссе. Г. Торо. Уолден, или Жизнь в лесу. — М.: Худож. лит., 1986. С. 213–214. — Перевод В. Бомкина.