40
Quoted in Steven L. McShane and Mary Ann Von Glinow (1999)
Organizational Behavior: Emerging Realities for the Workplace Revolution
, McGraw-Hill College, New York.
41
J. Useem, ‘Welcome to the New Company Town’,
Fortune
, 10 January 2000, pages 62–70.
42
Dave Arnott (1999)
Corporate Cults: The Insidious Lure of the All-Consuming Organization
, Amacom, New York.
CHAPTER SIX
43
William Gibson in an interview with CNN, 26 August 1997.
44
William Gibson (1984)
Neuromancer
, Ace Books, New York, page 51.
45
Marshall McLuhan (1964, 1993)
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man
, Routledge, London.
46
IDC (2008)
US Consumer Online Behavior Survey Results 2007
, 19 February.
47
Written in 1948, published in 1949.
48
Published in 1956, a surprise bestseller railing against the conformity of middle management.
49
A number-one hit around the world in 1963, written the previous year by Malvina Reynolds after driving around Daly City, California, and seeing identical houses blotting the hillside: ‘they’re all made out of ticky tacky and they all look just the same’.
50
Sir James George Frazer (1890, 1993)
The Golden Bough
, Wordsworth Editions, London.
51
Randall Stross, ‘Why Television Still Shines in a World of Screens’,
New York Times
, 7 February 2009.
CHAPTER SEVEN
52
Julian Fellowes (2004)
Snobs
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, page 57.
53
See Tim Jackson (1994)
Virgin King: Inside Richard Branson’s Business Empire
, HarperCollins, London, page 7. According to Jackson, Branson’s acolytes carry identical black notebooks in imitation of the great man.
54
Ray Oldenburg (1999)
The Great Good Place
:
Cafes
,
Coffee Shops
,
Bookstores
,
Bars
,
Hair Salons and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community
, Marlowe & Company, New York.
CHAPTER EIGHT
55
Mark Granovetter (1974, 1995), op. cit.
56
Mark Granovetter (1974, 1995) op. cit., page 89.
57
Charles Handy (2001)
The Elephant and the Flea: Looking Backwards to the Future
, Random House, London.
CHAPTER NINE
58
James Champy (1994)
Reengineering Management: The Mandate for New Leadership
, HarperCollins, New York.
59
This is the traditional account as outlined in the Acts of the Apostles (9: 2) by Luke, who writes that Saul was authorised by Jerusalem’s high priest to barge into the synagogues of Damascus, arrest any followers of the Way, and ‘bring them bound to Jerusalem’. However, it is highly unlikely that this version, written thirty or forty years after the events it purports to describe, is accurate. Damascus was not in Judaea, the Jewish authorities in Jerusalem had no jurisdiction there, it is implausible that they would go in for kidnapping and rendition, and there is no independent evidence (beyond the New Testament) that Jews ever persecuted anyone for their religious views. Paul’s own account in his letter to the Galatians does not square with Luke’s, although Paul does claim that he was ‘violently persecuting the church of God’.
60
Galatians 1: 11–17
61
‘[T]hrough Jesus, God will bring with him those who have died…we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will by no means precede those who have died…the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up in the clouds together with them to meet the Lord in the air; and so we will be with the Lord for ever.’ This was written by Paul around AD 50–1 in the first letter of his that has survived (1 Thessalonians 4: 13–18).
62
‘He [God] does not deal with us according to our sins…so great is his steadfast love towards those who fear him; as far as the East is from the West, he removes our transgressions from us’ (Psalms 103: 10–12).
63
Galatians 3: 28.
64
See Andrew Welburn (1991)
The Beginnings of Christianity: Essence Mystery and Christian Vision
, Floris Books, Edinburgh, and Keith Hopkins (1999)
A World Full of Gods: Pagans, Jews and Christians in the Roman Empire
, Orion, London.
65
Quoted in Francis Wheen (1999)
Karl Marx
, Fourth Estate, London, page 313.
66
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848, 1967)
The Communist Manifesto
, Penguin Classics, London, page 87.
67
As a proportion of the population in America and Europe, industrial workers reached their peak around 1950 (more broadly, between 1920 and 1970) and then began to decline as the number of white-collar ‘knowledge’ workers grew rapidly. See Manuel Castells (1996)
The Rise of the Network Society
, Blackwell, Massachusetts, chapter 4.
68
As a leading historian writes: ‘Only Lenin could have galvanized the Bolsheviks to his goal of seizing power…no Lenin, no Stalin…And also no Russian Civil War? No famines, including the half-intentional one of forcing the peasantry into collectivized agriculture? And no murderous purges…? Almost certainly not…The purges and the Great Patriotic War, as Moscow called its death struggle with Nazi Germany, claimed some forty million Soviet lives. It’s hard to imagine a fraction of that loss without Lenin’s obsession and legacy…there would almost as certainly have been no Cold War either…No draining of measureless effort, money, and resources by “defense” on virtually every continent.’ (George Feifer (2001) ‘No Finland Station’, in Robert Cowley (editor)
More What If? Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been
, Penguin Putnam, New York, pages 233-4)
69
Macintyre, James (11 September 2007) ‘Anita Roddick, Capitalist With a Conscience, Dies at 64’,
Independent
, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/anita-roddick-capitalist-with-a-conscience-dies-at-64-402014.html. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
70
Jim Collins (2001)
Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap…and Others Don’t
, Random House, New York.
CHAPTER TEN
71
Albert-László Barabási and Réka Albert (1999)
Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks
,
Science
286: 509–12.
72
Bruce D. Henderson (1973) ‘Failure to Compete’,
BCG Perspective
.
73
David Crystal (2002)
The English Language: A Guided Tour of the Language
, Penguin, London.
74
The Sunday Times Rich List
, 26 April 2009, page 42.
75
Interview with Eric Schmidt,
McKinsey Quarterly
, September 2008.
76
A network star enjoying a virtual monopoly may exploit its customers by raising prices. But–with the possible exception of Microsoft–most network stars don’t price higher than their few competitors, or at a level customers find unacceptable. They don’t need to. And if they rile their customers, they may eventually lose their coveted position and end up with nothing.