Citation Information
Article Title: Sweden
Website Name: Encyclopaedia Britannica
Publisher: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Date Published: 25 August 2019
URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Sweden
Access Date: August 28, 2019
Additional Reading Geography General works
Axel Sømme (ed.), A Geography of Norden: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, new rev. ed. (1968), is a broad survey written by local geographers. Michael Jones and Kenneth Olwig (eds.), Nordic Landscapes: Region and Belonging on the Northern Edge of Europe (2008), is a consideration of the political, geographical, cultural, and artistic landscapes of the Nordic region by a diverse group of scholars including geographers, archaeologists, ethnologists, and anthropologists. Information specifically on Sweden is available from the Swedish Institute, the Swedish government’s official information portal, which offers Fact Sheets on Sweden and Sweden in Brief. Economy
Daniel Viklund, Sweden and the European Community: Trade, Cooperation, and Policy Issues, trans. from Swedish (1989); and Gunnar Sjöstedt, Sweden’s Free Trade Policy: Balancing Economic Growth and Security (1987), were published by the Swedish Institute. More comprehensive and detailed analyses include Barry P. Bosworth et al., The Swedish Economy (1987); Mary Hilson, The Nordic Modeclass="underline" Scandinavia Since 1945 (2007); and Staffan Marklund, Paradise Lost?: The Nordic Welfare States and the Recession, 1975–1985 (1988). Government and social conditions
The government system is described and analyzed in Peter Esaiasson and Sören Holmberg, Representation from Above: Members of Parliament and Representative Democracy in Sweden, trans. from Swedish (1996); Eric Lindström, The Swedish Parliamentary System: How Responsibilities Are Divided and Decisions Are Made, 2nd ed. (1983; originally published in Swedish, 1981); Ibrahim Ismail Wahab, The Swedish Institution of Ombudsman: An Instrument of Human Rights (1979); and Agne Gustafsson, Local Government in Sweden, trans. from Swedish, new ed. (1988). The dynamics of political background are explored in Gunnar Boalt and Ulla Bergryd, Political Value Patterns and Parties in Sweden (1981); and Mona Rosendahl, Conflict and Compliance: Class Consciousness Among Swedish Workers (1985). Concise surveys of particular political and social issues include Krister Wahlbäck, The Roots of Swedish Neutrality (1986); Walter Korpi, The Development of the Swedish Welfare State in a Comparative Perspective (1990); Britta Stenholm, The Swedish School System (1984; originally published in Swedish, 1984); and National Board of Health and Welfare, The Swedish Health Services in the 1990s (1985). Books dealing with the law include Stig Strömholm, An Introduction to Swedish Law, 2nd ed. (1988); National Council for Crime Prevention, Crime and Criminal Policy in Sweden (1990); and Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Anders Bruzelius, Civil Procedure in Sweden (1965). Culture
Central Board of National Antiquities, The Cultural Heritage in Sweden, trans. from Swedish (1981), surveys conservation and restoration work on historic sites and buildings. Informative studies include Mereth Lindgren et al., A History of Swedish Art, trans. from Swedish (1987); Mariah Larsson and Anders Marklund (eds.), Swedish Film: An Introduction and Reader (2010); Andrew K. Nestingen, Crime and Fantasy in Scandinavia: Fiction, Film, and Social Change (2008); Ingemar Algulin, A History of Swedish Literature (1989); and Arnold Weinstein, Northern Arts: The Breakthrough of Scandinavian Literature and Art, from Ibsen to Bergman (2008). Other publications of the Swedish Institute cover numerous aspects of cultural life, including Ingemar Algulin, Contemporary Swedish Prose (1983); Ingemar Liman, Traditional Festivities in Sweden (1983); Henrik Sjögren, Stage and Society in Sweden: Aspects of Swedish Theatre Since 1945, trans. from Swedish (1979); Peter Cowie, Swedish Cinema, from Ingeborg Holm to Fanny and Alexander (1985); Monica Boman and Bertil Lundgren (eds.), Design in Sweden (1985; originally published in Swedish, 1985); and Nils K. Ståhle, Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Prizes, 3rd rev. ed. (1989). Claes Caldenby, Olof Hultin, Gunilla Linde Bjur, Johan Mårtelius, and Rasmus Wærn, A Guide to Swedish Architecture (2001). Staffan Helmfrid The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica History General works
Broad surveys spanning the centuries include Martina Sprague Sweden: An Illustrated History (2005); Ingvar Andersson, A History of Sweden, 2nd ed. (1970; originally published in Swedish, 1944); Byron J. Nordstrom, The History of Sweden (2002); Franklin D. Scott, Sweden, the Nation’s History, enlarged ed. (1988); Lars Magnusson, An Economic History of Sweden (2000); and H. Arnold Barton, Essays on Scandinavian History (2009). Early periods
Interpretations of runic inscriptions provide a glimpse of the early periods of history in Sven B.F. Jansson, The Runes of Sweden, trans. from Swedish (1962). Also informative is Mats Widgren, Settlement and Farming Systems in the Early Iron Age: A Study of Fossil Agrarian Landscapes in Östergötland, Sweden (1983). Medieval times are studied in P.H. Sawyer, Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, ad 700–1100 (1982); and Svend Gissel et al., Desertion and Land Colonization in the Nordic Countries c. 1300–1600 (1981). Modern history
Other period histories are Michael Roberts, The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden, 1523–1611 (1968, reprinted 1986), and Gustavus Adolphus: A History of Sweden, 1611–1631, 2 vol. (1953–1958); Curt Weibull, Christina of Sweden, trans. from Swedish (1966); Michael Roberts (ed.), Sweden’s Age of Greatness, 1632–1718 (1973); and R.M. Hatton, Charles XII of Sweden (1968). Focus on the 19th century is provided in Roger Miller and Torvald Gerger, Social Change in 19th-Century Swedish Agrarian Society (1985); and Raymond E. Lindgren, Norway-Sweden: Union, Disunion, and Scandinavian Integration (1959, reprinted 1979). Broad topical analyses provide views ranging into the 20th century: Steven Koblik (ed.),