[16] Leonard Mlodinow, Euclid's Window(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), p. xi.
[17] Edna St. Vincent Millay, “Euclid Alone Has Looked on Beauty Bare,” quoted in Robert Osserman, Poetry of the Universe(New York: Anchor Books, 1995), p. 6.
[18] Andre Nikolaevich Kolmogorov, Mathematics of the 19th Century(Birkhauser, 1998).
[19] Deane Yang (Polytechnic Institute of New York University), e‑mail letter to author, April 20, 2009.
[20] Mlodinow, Euclid's Window, p. 205.
[21] Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe(New York: Vintage Books, 2000), p. 231.
[22] C. N. Yang. “Albert Einstein: Opportunity and Perception,” speech, 22nd International Conference on the History of Science, Beijing, China, 2005.
[23] Chen Ning Yang, “Einstein’s Impact on Theoretical Physics in the 21st Century,” AAPPS Bulletin15 (February 2005).
[24] Greene, The Elegant Universe, p. 72.
[25] Robert Greene (UCLA), interview with author, March 13, 2008.
[26] Lizhen Ji and Kefeng Liu, “Shing‑Tung Yau: A Manifold Man of Mathematics,” Proceedings of Geometric Analysis: Present and Future Conference, Harvard University, August 27‑September 1, 2008.
[27] Leon Simon (Stanford University), interview with author, February 6, 2008.
[28] Greene, interview with author, March 13, 2008.
[29] Cameron Gordon (University of Texas), interview with author, March 14, 2008.
[30] Robert Geroch (University of Chicago), interview with author, February 28, 2008.
[31] Edward Witten (Institute for Advanced Study), interview with author, March 31, 2008.
[32] Edward Witten, “A New Proof of the Positive Energy Theorem,” Communications in Mathematical Physics80 (1981): 381–402.
[33] Roger Penrose, “Gravitational Collapse: The Role of General Relativity,” 1969, reprinted in Mathematical Intelligencer30 (2008): 27–36.
[34] Richard Schoen (Stanford University), interview with author, January 31, 2008.
[35] Demetrios Christodoulou, The Formation of Black Holes in General Relativity(Zurich: European Mathematical Society, 2009).
[36] John D. S. Jones, “Mysteries of Four Dimensions,” Nature332 (April 7, 1998): 488–489.
[37] Simon Donaldson (Imperial College), interview with author, April 3, 2008.
[38] Faye Flam, “Getting Comfortable in Four Dimensions,” Science 266 (December 9, 1994): 1640.
[39] Ibid.
[40] Mathematical Institute at the University of Oxford, “Chart the Realm of the 4th Dimension,” http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/~dusautoy/2soft/4D.htm.
[41] Grisha Perelman, “The Entropy Formula for the Ricci Flow and Its Geometric Applications,” November 11, 2002, http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0211159vl.
[42] Eugenio Calabi (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, October 18, 2007.
[43] Robert Greene, interview with author, April 17, 2008.
[44] Robert Greene, interview with author, June 24, 2008.
[45] Eugenio Calabi, interview with author, October 18, 2007.
[46] Robert Greene (UCLA), interview with author, January 29, 2008.
[47] Eugenio Calabi (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, May 14, 2008.
[48] Ibid.
[49] Erwin Lutwak (Polytechnic Institute of NYU), interview with author, May 15, 2008.
[50] Calabi, interview, May 14, 2008.
[51] Eugenio Calabi, interview with author, June 16, 2008.
[52] Ibid.
[53] Eugenio Calabi, interview with author, October 18, 2007.
[54] Cumrun Vafa (Harvard University), interview with author, January 19,2007.
[55] John Schwarz (California Institute of Technology), interview with author, August 13, 2008.
[56] Michael Green (University of Cambridge), e‑mail letter to author, August 15, 2008.
[57] John Schwarz, interview with author, August 13, 2008.
[58] Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.
[59] Andrew Strominger, interview with author, November 1, 2007.
[60] Raman Sundrum (Johns Hopkins University), interview with author, January 25,2007.
[61] Andrew Strominger, interview with author, February 7, 2007.
[62] Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.
[63] Juan Maldacena (Princeton University), interview with author, September 9, 2007.
[64] Dan Freed (University of Texas), interview with author, June 24, 2008.
[65] Tristan Hubsch (Howard University), interview with author, August 30, 2008.
[66] Gary Horowitz (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, February 15, 2007.
[67] Eugenio Calabi (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, October 18, 2007.
[68] Woody Allen, “Strung Out,” New Yorker, July 28, 2003.
[69] Liam McAllister (Cornell University), e‑mail letter to author, April 24, 2009.
[70] Allan Adams (MIT), interview with author, August 10, 2007.
[71] Joe Polchinski (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, January 29, 2007.
[72] Brian Greene, The Fabric of the Cosmos(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004), p. 372.
[73] P. Candelas, G. Horowitz, A. Strominger, and E. Witten, “Vacuum Configurations for Superstrings,” Nuclear Physics В258 (1985): 46–74.
[74] Edward Witten (IAS), e‑mail letter to author, July 24, 2008.
[75] Volker Braun, Philip Candelas, and Rhys Davies, “A Three‑Generation Calabi‑Yau Manifold with Small Hodge Numbers,” October 28, 2009, http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0910/0910.5464vl.pdf.
[76] Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.
[77] Dale Glabach and Juan Maldacena, “Who’s Counting?” Astronomy, May 2006, p. 72.
[78] Andrew Strominger, “String Theory, Black Holes, and the Fundamental Laws of Nature,” lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., April 4, 2007.
[79] Edward Witten (IAS), e‑mail letter to author, July 21, 2008.
[80] Petr Horava (University of California, Berkeley), interview with author, July 6, 2007.
[81] Ibid.
[82] Аллюзия на цитату из поэмы Томаса Стернза Элиота «Полые люди»: «Не взрыв, но всхлип». – Примеч. перев.
[83] Ronen Plesser (Duke University), interview with author, September 3, 2008.
[84] Ibid.
[85] Marcus Grisaru (McGill University), interview with author, August 18, 2008.
[86] Plesser, interview with author, September 3, 2008.
[87] Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, August 19, 2008.
[88] Ashoke Sen (Harish‑Chandra Research Institute), interview with author, August 22, 2008.
[89] Jacques Distler and Brian Greene, “Some Exact Results on the Superpotential from Calabi‑Yau Compactifications,” Nuclear Physics В309 (1988): 295–316.
[90] Doron Gepner, “Yukawa Couplings for Calabi‑Yau String Compactification,” Nuclear PhysicsВ 311 (1988): 191–204.
[91] Kachru, interview with author, August 19, 2008.
[92] Paul Aspinwall (Duke University), interview with author, August 14, 2008.
[93] Wolfgang Lerche, Cumrun Vafa, and Nicholas Warner, “Chiral Rings in N=2 Superconformal Theories,” Nuclear Physics В324 (1989): 427–474.
[94] В. R. Greene, C. Vafa, N. P. Warner, “Calabi‑Yau Manifolds and Renormalization Group Flows,” Nuclear Physics В324 (1989): 371–390.
[95] Brian Greene (Columbia University), interview with author, March 11,2010.
[96] Ibid.
[97] Doron Gepner, interview with author, August 19, 2008.
[98] B. R. Greene and M. R. Plesser, “Duality in Calabi‑Yau Moduli Space,” Nuclear Physics В338 (1990): 15–37.
[99] Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe(New York: Vintage Books, 2000), p. 258.
[100] Plesser, interview with author, September 19, 2008.
[101] Greene, interview with author, March 11, 2010.
[102] Greene, T he Elegant Universe, p. 259.
[103] Cumrun Vafa (Harvard University), interview with author, September 19, 2008.
[104] Greene, interview with author, March 13, 2010.
[105] Mark Gross (UCSD), interview with author, October 31, 2008.
[106] Andreas Gathmann (University of Kaiserslautern), interview with author, August 25, 2008.
[107] David Hilbert, “Mathematical Problems,” lecture, International Congress of Mathematicians, Paris, 1900, http://alephO.clarku.edu/~djoyce/hilbert/problems.html (html version prepared by David Joyce, Mathematics Department, Clark University, Worcester, Mass.).
[108] Andreas Gathmann, “Mirror Principle I,” Mathematical Reviews, MR1621573, 1999.
[109] David Cox (Amherst College), interview with author, June 13, 2008.
[110] Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.
[111] Gross, interview with author, September 19, 2008.
[112] Ibid.
[113] Gross, interview with author, September 24, 2008.
[114] Eric Zaslow (Northwestern University), interview with author, June 26, 2008.
[115] Gross, interview with author, September 24, 2008.
[116] Mark Gross, e‑mail letter to author, September 29, 2008.
[117] Strominger, interview with author, August 1, 2007.
[118] Zaslow, interview with author, June 26, 2008.
[119] Gross, interview with author, September 19, 2008.
[120] Yan Soibelman (Kansas State University), interview with author, September 26, 2008.
[121] Aspinwall, interview with author, June 23, 2008.
[122] Michael Douglas (Stony Brook University), interview with author, August 20, 2008.
[123] Aspinwall, interview with author, June 23, 2008.
[124] Gross, interview with author, September 24, 2008.
[125] Avi Loeb (Harvard University), interview with author, September 25,2008.
[126] American Mathematical Society, “Interview with Heisuke Hironaka,” Notices of the AMS52, no. 9 (October 2005): 1,015.
[127] Steve Nadis, “Cosmic Inflation Comes of Age,” Astronomy(April 2002).
[128] Andrew Strominger, “String Theory, Black Holes, and the Fundamental Laws of Nature,” lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., April 4, 2007.
[129] Ibid.
[130] Hirosi Ooguri (California Institute of Technology), interview with author, October 8, 2008.
[131] Strominger, lecture.
[132] Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa, “Microscopic Origin of the Bekenstein‑Hawking Entropy,” Physics Letters В379 (June 27, 1996): 99‑104.
[133] Andrew Strominger, quoted in Gary Taubes, “Black Holes and Beyond,” Science Watch, May/June 1999, http://archive.sciencewatch.com/may‑june99/sw_may‑june99_page3.htm.
[134] Hirosi Ooguri, interview with author, October 8, 2008.
[135] Strominger, quoted in Taubes, “Black Holes and Beyond.”
[136] Xi Yin (Harvard University), interview with author, October 14, 2008.
[137] Ibid.
[138] Xi Yin, interview with author, October 22, 2008.
[139] Frederik Denef (Harvard University), interview with author, August 26, 2008.
[140] Xi Yin, interview with author, October 14, 2008.
[141] Aaron Simons, interview with author, February 9, 2007.
[142] Ibid.
[143] J. M. Maldacena, A. Strominger, and E. Witten, “Black Hole Entropy in M‑Theory” Journal of High Energy Physics9712 (1997), http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/hepth/pdf/9711/9711053vl.pdf.
[144] Juan Maldacena (IAS), interview with author, September 4, 2008.
[145] Hirosi Ooguri, Andrew Strominger, and Cumrun Vafa, “Black Hole Attractors and the Topological String,” Physical Review D70 (2004).
[146] Cumrun Vafa (Harvard University), interviewwith author, September 26, 2008.
[147] James Sparks (Harvard University), interview with author, February 6, 2007.
[148] Amanda Gefter, “The Elephant and the Event Horizon,” New Scientist(October 26,2006): 36–39.
[149] John Preskill, “On Hawking’s Concession,” July 24, 2004, http://www.theory.caltech.edu/~preskill/jp_24jul04.html.
[150] Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.
[151] Juan Maldacena, “The Illusion of Gravity,” Scientific American, November 2005, pp. 57–58, 61.
[152] Davide Castelvecchi, “Shadow World,” Science News172 (November 17,2007).
[153] Taubes, “Black Holes and Beyond.”
[154] L. Frank Baum, The Wizard of Oz(Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger, 2004), p. 111.
[155] Volker Braun (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), interview with author, November 4, 2008.
[156] Philip Candelas (Oxford University), interview with author, December 1, 2008.
[157] Ibid.
[158] Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.
[159] Cumrun Vafa, “The Geometry of Grand Unified Theories,” lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., August 29, 2008.
[160] Chris Beasley (Stony Brook University), interview with author, November 13, 2008.
[161] Burt Оvrut (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, July 20, 2008.
[162] Ovrut, interview with author, February 2, 2007.