grave of, 752
Edward the Martyr, 486
Edward, son of Alfred, 484
Edwig, 486
Edwin, King of Northumbria, 501
Egbert, Bishop of York, 465, 488, 806
Egbert, King of Wessex, 483
Egica, 370, 375
Egidio, Brother, 959-960
Egil Skallagrimsson, 509
Egilbert, 390
Eginhard, 466, 467, 469, 470
Egypt, 3, 19, 29, 46, 49, 50, 58, 59, 61, 62, 107, 115, 117, 118, 119, 128, 134, 135, 140, 147, 149, 150, 151, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 191, 192, 195, 196, 202, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 218, 219, 227, 228, 230, 236, 238, 241, 244, 258, 261, 264, 270, 273, 276, 278, 282, 284, 285, 286-289, 292, 310, 311, 312, 313-314, 316, 318, 326, 343, 349, 367, 368, 369, 376, 397, 403, 404, 405, 411, 416, 424, 440, 442, 530, 596, 602, 603, 606, 607, 608, 617, 647, 692, 694, 716, 724, 799, 849, 857, 874, 990
Egyptians, 134, 328, 357, 436, 989
eisteddfod, 684
Ekthesis (Heraclius), 524
Elba, 622
Elbe River, 80, 443, 445, 451, 473, 510, 511, 553, 614, 618, 644, 646, 661, 665
Eleanor of Aquitane, 577, 594, 595, 622, 670, 672, 673, 674, 689, 690, 827-828, 1036, 1037
Eleanor of Castile, 835, 861
Eleazar of Mainz, 419
Eleàzer ben Isaac, Rabbi, 363, 378, 384
Eleazer of Worms, 417
electoral princes, German, 664-665
Elementa super demonstrationem ponderis (Jordanus Nemorarius), 995
Elements (Euclid), 240, 244, 910
Eleusis, 27, 440
Eleusinian Mysteries, 9, 11, 17
Elias, Brother, 802, 888, 996
Elias de Derham, 885
Elisha ben Abuyah, 353
Elizabeth of Schonau, 810
Elizabeth of Hungary, 810
Elohim, 184
Ely Cathedral, 871, 883
“Octagon,” 885
Emad-Eddin, 822
emanation theory, 337
embroidery, 487, 491, 850, 851
embryotomy, 1001
Emesa (Horns), 189, 230, 319, 592
Emico of Leiningen, 589
Emin, al-, 198, 200
emirs, 291-297, 891
Emma, wife of Cnut, 492
Emma, wife of Ethelred, 485
emperors, 349, 427, 428, 433, 435, 442*, 519, 528, 564, 687, 706, 714, 728, 729, 731, 758, 759, 763, 916
Byzantine, 290, 297, 349, 440, 472, 527, 656, 754, 907
Eastern, 452, 525, 777
Franconian, 513
German, 290, 466, 540, 545, 547, 661-665
Hohenstaufen, 1039
Holy Roman, 547, 1062
Macedonian, 441, 544
Roman, 719
Salian, 513
Western, 512
Empire State Building, New York, 1084-1085
Empedocles, 1070
enamels, 441, 530, 611, 847, 848, 849, 876, 997
encyclopedias, 241, 403, 437, 1007, 1015-1017
French, 1058
geographical, 329
Jewish, 359-360
medical, 305
poetic, 319
scientific, 979
Encyclopedia of Science (al-Farabi), 253
encyclopedists, 250, 319, 1015-1017
energy, 465, 536, 994-997, 1085
Engelbert, Archbishop of Cologne, 715
engineers, 271, 713
England, 69, 80-81, 83, 114, 236, 363, 366, 375, 387, 392, 393, 397, 401, 447, 450, 465, 473, 478, 482, 483-495, 500, 501, 502, 509, 510, 521, 522, 531, 532, 533, 537, 554, 564, 571, 575, 615, 618, 620, 622, 623, 624, 625*, 626, 628, 632, 634, 640, 645, 646, 647, 648, 663, 666-681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 688, 689, 691, 692, 695, 699, 702, 743-744, 758, 760, 762, 763, 766, 767, 784, 792, 801, 812, 813, 816, 817, 823, 828, 831, 835, 838, 839, 841, 842, 847, 850, 851, 861, 865, 868, 883, 892, 893, 894, 899, 900, 903, 905, 908*, 909, 913, 914, 920, 932, 951, 982, 986, 990, 991, 992, 1003, 1042, 1044, 1045, 1068
bishops of, 541, 542, 668
castles of, 561
Gothic in, 882-885
interdicts on, 756
Jews in, 369-370, 377
kings of, 627, 628
Norman style in, 870-872
Roman, 622
English Channel, 37, 81, 392, 465, 484, 495, 616, 617, 671, 673, 677, 882
engraving, copperplate, 849
Enguerrand de Coucy, 691
Enoch, 184, 354
entertainment, 719, 838
Enzio, 723, 724, 726
Ephesus, 11, 17, 128, 132, 427, 436, 651
Church councils at, 48, 49, 70, 431, 746
Ephthalites, 144
Ephraim, St., 1002
epics, 268-269, 325, 455, 832, 1018, 1022, 1028, 1030-1036, 1054
Epicurus, 9, 955
epicycles, 991
and eccentrics, theory of, 329
epidemics, 246, 343, 642, 894, 986, 987, 1003
epilepsy, 791, 986, 1002
Epirus, 27, 453, 605, 651, 652, 657
episcopate, 525, 543, 547, 548, 758, 914
epistemology, 204
Epístola de magnete (Petrus Peregrinus), 996
Epitome of History (Zonaras), 650
equestrian order, 552, 707
equinoxes, 242, 288
Er, vision of, 949
Erasmus, Desiderius, 365, 983
Erec et Enide (Chrétien), 1045-1046, 1049
Eric V Glipping, King of Denmark, 666
Eric of Norway, 503
Eric IX, King of Sweden, 659
Erigena, John Scotus, 124, 450, 476-479, 484, 497, 991
Ermanaric, 24
Ernoul, 598, 603
Ernulf, 871
erudition, 331, 1025
erysipelas, 1002
Erz Gebirge, 622, 659
eschatology, 185, 249
Esdraelon, battle on, 597
espionage, 289, 295
Essay on Definitions (Isaac Israeli), 405
Essay on Intercourse (Maimonides), 409
Essay on the Manners and Morals of Europe (Voltaire), 759*
Essenes, 58, 416
estates, landed, 430, 465, 480, 552, 667, 766
three, 646, 814
Estates-General, 696, 826, 1083
Este, Azzo d’, 956
Este family, 708
Esther, 352*, 359
Esths, 659
Estonia, 618, 666
Ethandun, battle of, 484
Ethelbald, 487
Ethelbert, King of Kent, 533
Ethelfled, daughter of Alfred, 488
Ethelred I, 483
Ethelred II the Unready, 485, 492
ethics, 254, 772, 843, 966, 982
Koranic, 179-182
Talmudic, 359-364
Ethics (Aristotle), 912, 966
Ethics (Spinoza), 966
Ethiopia, 22, 119, 208, 326, 357
Ethiopica (Heliodorus), 1044
etiquette, guides to, 839
problems of, 577
Etymologiarum sine originum libri xx (Isidore of Seville), 96
Etzel (Attila), 1035
Etzelnburg, 39
Eucharist, 89, 288, 477, 544, 674, 738, 740-741, 748-749, 769, 790, 879, 1009, 1012
Euclid, 99, 244, 248, 321, 910, 911, 990, 1011
Eudocia, daughter of Valentinian III, 41
Eudocia, wife of Basil the Macedonian, 428, 429
Eudocia, wife of Romanus IV, 431
Eudocia Augusta, wife of Theodosius II, 103
Eudoxia, wife of Arcadius, 64
Eudoxia, wife of, Valentinian III, 41
Eugene “the Emir,” 912
Eugenius III, 388, 594, 662, 707
Eugenius, Roman emperor, 26, 35
Eulogius, 300, 301
Eumenius, 121
Eunapius, 9, 125
eunuchs, 222, 376, 433, 437, 554
Euphrates River, 19, 108, 136, 142, 143, 146, 151, 192, 206, 231, 241, 292, 616
Euphronius of Autun, 57
Euric, 87, 88, 95
Euripides, 605
Europe, 22, 43, 80-102, 127, 128, 136, 140, 156*, 206, 207, 208, 209, 237, 242, 245, 246, 247, 249, 264, 270, 277, 279, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 298, 299, 305, 312, 321, 330, 340, 349, 369, 376, 380, 389, 400, 401, 403, 404, 405, 410, 416, 424, 431, 442, 443, 444, 450, 454, 458, 459, 461, 468, 502, 506, 509, 514, 515, 525, 531, 547, 548, 549, 551, 559, 575, 578, 579, 586, 588, 590, 593, 595, 598, 602, 608, 610, 612, 613, 614, 616, 624, 626, 628, 629, 635, 641-642, 649, 657, 661, 665, 673, 685, 688, 692, 695, 697, 698, 703, 704, 709, 710, 717, 720, 722, 723, 726, 757*, 760, 777, 783, 786*, 802, 803, 805, 806, 811, 817, 818, 828, 831, 835, 837, 840, 842, 844, 845, 849, 861, 863, 869, 871, 876, 893, 906, 909, 912, 913, 916, 923, 928, 945, 964, 966, 980, 982, 984, 990, 992, 999, 1002, 1012, 1018, 1020, 1044, 1081, 1083