Isidorus Mercator, 525
Isis, 75, 746
Islah al-majisti (ibn Aflah), 329
Islam, 122, 137, 151, 153-344, 347, 356, 366, 367, 372, 375, 393, 402, 403, 405, 408, 414, 431, 432, 434, 450, 454, 465, 468, 529, 530, 554, 586, 594, 603, 607, 610, 612, 613, 614, 616, 617, 622, 642, 651, 652, 654, 655, 721, 738, 769, 798, 831, 840, 901, 906, 913, 919, 932, 955, 966, 977, 982, 984, 987, 989, 991, 999, 1023, 1054, 1068
Eastern, 210, 235-281, 317, 319, 320, 338, 368, 405, 442, 989
Spanish, 241, 291-307
Western, 282-307, 334
Ismaili doctrine, 261, 262, 282, 289, 309
Isolde, 1037
Israel, 161, 229, 353, 355, 364, 366, 396, 398-399, 410
Eastern, 411
Israfel, 178
Istakhr, see Persepolis
Italica, 96
Italian-Byzantine school, 855
Italians, 241, 606, 628, 817
Italy, 3, 4, 11, 19, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42-43, 47, 55, 56, 57, 80, 83, 86, 97, 98, 99, 100, 107, 109, 110-111, 114, 115, 116, 117, 128, 130, 132, 145, 147, 208, 209, 236, 264, 342, 349, 369, 376, 383, 384, 387, 393, 397, 403, 404, 423, 426, 443, 444, 445, 450, 451-458, 402, 464, 466, 473, 491, 510, 511-513, 515, 519, 520, 528, 530, 531, 537, 539, 547, 549, 550, 552, 553, 554, 563, 571, 575, 578, 586, 615, 616, 619, 622, 624, 627, 632, 633, 638, 642, 646, 648-649, 651, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 694, 697, 705, 725-727, 762, 766, 769, 771, 774, 779, 782, 783, 788, 791, 792, 798, 799, 808, 809, 812, 831, 840, 841, 847, 851, 854, 856, 862, 870, 876, 882, 887-890, 892, 894, 901, 903, 904-905, 906, 908, 913, 916, 919, 920, 932, 945, 951, 958, 961, 963, 990, 991, 1001, 1003, 1006, 1039, 1042, 1044, 1045, 1056, 1057, 1062, 1063, 1074, 1080, 1081
Byzantine, 845
central, 290, 451, 452, 525, 830, 888
eastern, 451, 553
Greek, 544
Norman, 431, 452-453, 703-705
northern, 514, 520, 550, 553, 554, 638, 724, 783, 801, 809, 888, 956, 1057, 1062
Ostrogothic, 97-102
pre-Renaissance, 703-731
Renaissance, 187, 249, 341, 1085, 1086
southern, 290, 403, 432, 440, 443, 554, 621, 663, 664, 716, 725, 761, 783, 831, 832, 912, 919, 956, 998
Ither, 1048
Itil, 446, 447
Itinerarium mentis in Deum (Bonaventura), 959
Ivan-i-Kharka, 148
Ivo, St., Bishop of Chartres, 806, 914
ivory, 133, 846, 847, 849
Iwein (Chrétien), 1049
Jabrites, 217
Jacob ben Machir Tibbon, 415
Jacob ben Meir, 410
Jacob ibn Ezra, 397
Jacob ibn Tibbon, 910
Jacopone da Todi, 750, 897*
Jacqueries, 869
Jacques de Vitry, 768, 927
Jafar, 199, 207, 233, 278
Mosque of, 273
Jafariya, 201
Jaffa, 592, 600, 601, 607, 608
Jagatai, 339
Jahiz, Othman Amr al-, 245
Jahwar, ibn, 296
Jaime I, see James I
Jalubi, 315
James I, King of Aragon, 373, 402, 404, 698-699, 701, 783
James II, King of Aragon, 979, 1000
James, St., 458
bones of, 752
Jamshid, 269
Janda, Lake, 97
Japan, 140, 149, 263, 272, 910, 993
Japheth, 370*
Jarrow, 483, 488
Jassas, ibn al-, 209
Jauhar, 286
Jean de Meung (Clopinel), 944, 1052-1053, 1055
Jean d’Orbais, 880
Jean le Texier, 878, 879
Jean Petit, 952
Jeanne of Navarre, 647
Jeanne of Toulouse, 776
Jehuda Halevi, see Khazari, al-
Jehuda Hanasi, 211, 351, 352*, 364
Jehuda ibn Daud Chayuj, 396
Jehuda ibn Ezra, 373
Jenghiz Khan, 339-340, 655
Jerome, St., 45, 57-55, 57, 59, 69, 72, 78, 135, 348, 522, 526, 901, 908, 1018
Jerome of Ascoli, 1014
Jerusalem, 45, 59, 132, 147, 151, 156, 166, 169, 183, 185, 190, 194, 216, 218, 228, 229, 230, 270, 273, 285, 289, 319, 338, 341, 348, 350, 355*, 359, 366, 385, 389, 399, 424, 431, 440, 458, 469, 585, 586, 590, 591, 592, 593, 595, 597, 598, 600, 601, 602, 607, 608, 715, 716, 752, 754, 865, 874, 909, 1019, 1044, 1068
Assizes of, 592
Latin Kingdom of, 592-594, 596, 609
Jerusalem Delivered (Tasso), 589
Jesuits, 978
jewelry, 131, 285, 287, 311, 376, 833, 834, 876
Jewish National Council, 347
“Jewish Pope,” 760
Jews, 15, 16, 56, 93, 97, 100, 122, 139, 140, 142, 147, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169-170, 171, 182, 184, 185, 186, 194, 202, 208, 211, 214, 216, 218, 219, 222, 223, 226, 238, 240, 243, 252, 285, 290, 299, 309, 312, 328, 333, 337-338, 345-419, 425, 426, 432, 436, 447, 465, 589, 592, 598, 610, 617, 619, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 660, 675, 690, 695, 696, 700, 711, 715, 721, 732, 777, 780, 831, 910, 925, 938, 939, 941, 966, 978, 979, 988, 990, 1003, 1006, 1031, 1041
apostate, 370
Ashkenazic, 382
Babylonian, 348, 368, 369
Byzantine, 389
and Christians, 385-394
converted, 521
Egyptian, 369, 414
English, 374, 397-392
Exchequer of, 377
French, 370, 390, 692
German, 369, 370*, 389, 391
German and French, 353
Greek, 369, 375
heretical, 411
Hungarian, 369
in Islam, 366
Italian, 370, 417
medieval, 350, 366-419
Palestinian, 347, 366, 375, 385
pre-Moslem, 185
Qaraite, 406
“Rabbanite,” 367
Spanish, 95, 370-373, 395, 399, 400, 991
JHVH, 354
jihad, 182
Jimena, wife of El Cid, 460
Joachim of Flora, 723, 808-809, 1000, 1068
Joachimsthal, 622
coins of, 622
Joan of Arc, 923
Joan, sister of Richard I, 600
Job, 412, 965, 1049
Book of, 48, 523
Jocelyn of Brakelond, 885, 926, 1019
Jocius of London, 921
John I, St., Pope, 101
John VIII, Pope, 529, 535, 538
John X, Pope, 538
John XI, Pope, 538
John XII, Pope, 512, 538-539
John XIII, Pope, 512, 539
John XIV, Pope, 539
John XVI, Pope, 539
John XXI, Pope, 977, 999-1000
John XXII, Pope, 682, 802, 899, 978
John Asen I, 657
John Asen II, 657
John I Tzimisces, Byzantine Emperor, 429-430, 444
John the Baptist, 743, 744, 745
John Cassian, St., 57
John II Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor, 650
John Damascene, St., 55, 219
John the Deacon, 897
John of Ephesus, 106
John of Holywood (Joannes de Sacrobosco), 990
John Lackland, King of England, 377, 494, 640, 648, 658, 672, 673-679, 690, 695, 763, 828, 992
John of Palermo, 990
John, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 54
John the Divine, St., 9, 53, 743
John of Salisbury, 476, 681, 735, 899, 909, 914, 923, 944, 950, 951-953, 985, 1027
John of Spain, see Daud, ibn
John III Vatatzes, 651, 652-653, 719
John of Vercelli, 1014
John Vladimir, Serbian prince, 446
joint-stock company, 627
Joinville, Jean de, 393, 608, 692, 693, 697, 822, 830, 1020-1021
Jonah ben Abraham Gerundi, 415
Jonah ibn Janaeh, 396
jongleurs, 563, 795, 901, 1027, 1029, 1054, 1055
Jonson, Ben, 124
Jordan River, 151, 274, 596, 716
Jordanes, 37, 38-39
Jordanus Nemorarius, 995
Jorden, Raimon, 1038
Joseph, 185, 268
Joseph of Arimathea, 752, 1046
Joseph ibn Migas, 408
Joseph ibn Naghdela, 372
Joshua Rotulus, 134
jousting, 574, 840
Jovian, 20-21, 25, 31, 34, 143
Joyeuse, 570
Juan de Colonia, 891
Jubais, ibn, 596
Jubayr, ibn, 330, 704
jubilee year 1300, 753, 813
Judah ben Moses ibn Tibbon, 381
Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon, 910
Judah Halevi, 255
Judah ibn Quraish, 396