lexicographers, 305, 319, 395-396
Libanius, 9, 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, 62, 63, 121, 435
Liber abaci (Fibonacci), 990
Liber Augustalis (Frederick II), 718
Liber continens (al-Razi), 246, 912
Liber de causis, 996
Liber de coloribus faciendis (Peter of St. Omer), 997
Liber doctrinae puerilis (Lully), 979
Liber experimentorum (al-Razi), 910
Liber Gomorrhianus (Peter Damian), 542
Liber ignium ad comburendos hostes (Marcus Graecus), 997
Liber introductorius (Michael Scot), 988
Liber lapidum (Marbod), 992
Liber pastoralis curae (Gregory I), 521
Liber perditionis, 985
Liber sex principiorum (John of Salisbury), 951
liberty, 560, 637, 676, 677, 678, 701, 721, 722, 728, 776, 827, 844, 1062
Liberius, St., 8, 50
libraries, 282, 285, 287, 304, 319, 339, 340, 437, 450, 474, 483, 536, 539, 652, 811, 909, 921
of Constantinople, 605, 914
Islamic, 237
at Fulda, 515
at Merv, 329
monastic, 476, 906
mosque, 257
private, 909, 1032
Libre de contemplado en Dieu (Lully), 979
Libre del orde de cavalyeria (Lully), 979
Lichfield Cathedral, 883
Liedbert, Bishop of Cambrai, 752
Liége, 474, 476, 514, 618, 623, 686, 769, 861, 914
Liegnitz, battle of, 658
Life of Alfred (Asser), 491
Life of Anthony (Athanasius), 57
Life of Mohammed (Muhammad ibn Ishaq), 237
Life of Reason (Santayana), 336*
light, action of, 289
rays, 1011
refraction of, 288
studies of, 289
lighthouses, 615, 618
Lijus Adam (Adam de la Halle), 1029
Lille, 470, 615, 623, 640, 642, 648, 685, 690, 851
Limburg, 441, 686
Limoges, 474, 849
Lincoln, 392, 635, 640
Cathedral, 392*, 857, 871, 883, 884-885
Lindisfarne Gospels, 491
lingua gallica, 904
lingua romana, 904
Lisbon, 624, 702, 710, 919, 1085
lists, tournament, 574
litanies, 742, 747, 796, 895
lithotomy, 437
Lithuania, 391, 659
literacy, 94, 383, 395, 454, 531, 563, 653, 908, 1018
literature, 78-79, 121, 124-126, 293, 312, 313, 314, 320, 341, 350, 371, 372, 397, 432, 451, 470, 485, 496, 500, 509, 544, 578, 650, 652, 657, 669, 684, 750, 767, 798, 827, 876, 903, 910, 915, 931, 935, 950, 1015, 1016, 1019, 1027, 1030, 1039, 1052, 1066, 1084, 1085
Anglo-Saxon, 489
apocalyptic, 1068
Armenian, 205
Biblical and rabbinical, 408
Byzantine, 124-126, 429, 437
Catalan, 979
Christian, 530
classical, 476, 529, 530, 846, 907
English, 905, 1030
European, 578
French, 905, 1030, 944
German, 515, 1030
Hebrew, 380, 395, 402
Icelandic, 1031-1036
Islamic, 220, 236-238, 262-270, 334, 343, 911
Italian, 1030, 1056
Latin, 906, 949
medieval, 786, 792*, 820, 947
Persian, 310, 322
Portuguese, 698
Sasanian, 270
Scottish, 502
Spanish, 698, 1030
translated Greek, 444
Little Flowers of St. Francis, see Fioretti
liturgy, 135, 356, 476, 528, 535, 745, 748, 898, 900, 1025, 1027, 1028, 1083
Liutgard, 465
Liutprand, 451, 452, 464
livery, 833
Lives of the Caesars (Suetonius), 467
Lives of the Philosophers (Diogenes Laërtius), 912
Livonia, 618, 659, 766
Livonian Knights, 655, 659
Livre des Métiers (Étienne Boileau), 635
Livy, 31, 283, 987, 1018
Llywelyn the Great, 684
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, 684
loans, 385, 454, 627, 630-633, 766, 925
Locke, John, 972
logic, 250, 254, 288, 332, 336, 405, 915, 951, 964, 980, 982, 983, 1007, 1009, 1015, 1022
Logos, 16, 17, 48, 66, 130, 249, 250, 251, 254, 416, 417, 478, 945
Loire River, 37, 83, 91, 475, 480, 531, 554, 614, 617, 645, 904, 1052
Lois d’Oléron, 620
Lombard League, 662, 714, 761
second, 722-723
Lombard style, 479, 491, 868
Lombardo, Pietro, 1065
Lombards (Langobardi), 22, 42, 89, 114, 117, 290, 423, 434, 443, 451-452, 454, 461, 510, 519, 521, 525, 610, 628, 631, 695, 696, 831
Lombardy, 451-452, 512-513, 516, 533, 550, 633, 663, 708, 722, 761, 771, 892, 1056
iron crown of, 462
London, 369, 375, 483, 681, 1020
London Bridge, 621, 822-823
longbows, 570, 678
“Long Walls,” Constantinople, 104
Lord of Misrule, 841
Lord’s Prayer, 212, 985
lore, Christian, 865
faery, 1018
medical, 457, 998
rabbinical, 403
racial, 1032
Loreto, 753
Lorraine, 473, 480, 663, 686, 695
Lorsch, 476, 514, 516, 535, 766
Lothaire I, Holy Roman Emperor, 472, 473, 916
Lothaire II, King of Lorraine, 526, 760
Lothaire III, Holy Roman Emperor, 661
Lothaire IV, King of France, 475
Lothair, King of Italy, 511
Lotulphe, 940
Louchard family, 627
Louis I the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor, King of France, 370, 470, 471, 472-473, 477, 536, 766
Louis II the Stammerer, King of France, 290, 472, 474
Louis II the German, King of Germany, 472, 473, 510-511, 904
Louis III the Child, King of Germany, 511
Louis III, King of France, 474
Louis IV, King of France, 475
Louis IV the Bavarian, Holy Roman Emperor, 1063
Louis V, King of France, 475
Louis VI, the Fat, King of France, 434, 639, 688, 689
Louis VII, King of France, 390, 594, 595, 639, 640, 671, 689, 827, 857, 876
Louis VIII, King of France, 677, 690, 775, 778, 891
Louis IX, King of France, St., 312, 377, 393, 401-402, 480, 564, 568, 608, 612, 615, 647, 690-694, 695, 696, 698, 699, 723, 724, 725-726, 766, 776, 778, 817, 822, 823, 838, 879, 880, 909, 986, 993, 1002 1016, 1020-1021, 1038, 1085
sons of, 608
Louis X, King of France, 644
Louis XVI, King of France, 480
Louis, Duke of Orléans, 952
Louis of Thuringia, 716
Louvain, 249, 623, 686
Louvre, Paris, 690, 691, 849
love, courtly, 576-579, 1044, 1051
deification of, 1059
family, 381
illicit, 1037
parental, 269, 819, 913
philosophy of, 1057
poetry of, 750, 1066
tales of, 324, 1042-1043
Low Countries, 769, 920
Lowlands, 615, 622, 646, 832, 853, 888, 903
Loyola, St. Ignatius, 528-529, 978
Lübeck, 615, 618, 642, 645, 830, 915
Lucan, 1018, 1070
Lucca, 370, 616, 624, 638, 713, 1064
Lucena, 371, 372, 398
Lucian, 15, 437
Lucius III, 779
Lucretius, 96, 256, 955
Ludmilla, St., 660
Ludolf, son of Otto I, 512
Lügenfeld, 472
Luke, 353*
Gospel of, 385
Lull, Ramón (Raymond Lully), 404, 418, 734, 979-980
Lunel, 415
Lupercalia, 34, 75
Lutgardis, St., 764
Luther, Martin, 74, 784, 986
Luzumiyyat (al-Ma’arri), 265-267
Lyons, 85, 86, 292, 386, 615, 688, 706, 723, 916, 1001
archbishop of, 758, 770
Cathedral, 860
councils of, 723, 745, 768, 811, 899, 963
Ma arri, al-, 255, 265-267, 275, 323, 1068
Mabinogion, 496, 684, 1045
Macarius, St., 58-59
Macbeth, 501-502
Maccabaeus, Judas, 1078