Monologion (Anselm), 933
Monomakh Erand Prince of Kiev, 654
Monophysites, 46, 49, 103, 108, 112, 115-116, 188, 233, 305, 425, 426
monopoly, 378, 619, 635, 1084
monotheism, 261, 364
monothelism, 524-525
Monreale, 705, 852
Cathedral, 705
Mont Ste.-Geneviève, 934, 944, 951
Mont St. Michel, monastery of, 882
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem, Sieur de, 87, 983, 1086
Montaperto, battle of, 725, 727, 730
Monte Cassino, 290, 439, 457, 465, 476, 517, 519, 530, 537, 550, 786, 805, 845, 846, 916, 961
Montecatini, battle of, 1064
Montfort, Simon de (1160?-1218), 603, 775
Montfort, Simon de (1208?-1265), 678-679
months, 402-403
Montpellier, 403, 404, 415-416, 588, 617, 648, 697, 699, 771, 775, 803, 822, 918, 922, 998, 1000
University of, 249, 414, 923, 926
moon, 288, 337, 402, 985, 987, 1011, 1077
Moore, Georg Foote, 351*
Moors, 22, 38, 95, 97, 109, 249, 291, 292, 297-307, 315, 316, 370, 373, 450, 458, 459, 460, 462, 575, 663, 697, 698, 699, 702, 799, 874, 923, 1031
morale, 413, 458, 473, 792
morals, 120-121, 182, 256, 332, 336, 360, 379, 382, 433, 450, 521, 531, 547, 564, 577, 579, 732, 765, 771, 786, 819-844, 929, 931, 933, 938, 973, 1007, 1012, 1015, 1016, 1067, 1083
Anglo-Saxon, 487-488
Christian, 419, 631, 843, 976
clerical, 543
German, 665
in Gaul, 93-94
Islamic, 180-184, 223, 419
Jewish, 378-382, 939
Oriental, 705
Persian, 141
single unity of, 817
of women, 576
Moravia, 444, 535, 657, 660, 661, 663
More, Henry, 418
Morea, see Peloponnesus
Moreh Nebuchim (Maimonides), 411-414
Morgarten, battle of, 687
Morisco style, 315, 316
Morocco (Maghreb), 140, 202, 208, 219, 273, 282, 283, 285, 292, 307, 314, 315, 328, 334, 372, 396, 408
Mort Renart, La, 1054
mortality, 362, 445, 571, 821, 1003
mortgages, 627, 766
mortmain, 679, 766
Mosaic Law, 185
mosaics, 134, 272, 274, 303, 304, 317, 426, 432, 439, 440, 441, 449, 455, 457, 467, 479, 704, 705, 846, 850, 851-852, 856, 857, 876
Moscow, 654, 656
Mosella (Ausonius), 85
Moselle River, 85, 390, 617, 642
Moses, 16, 184, 211, 212, 214, 229, 350, 353, 361, 365, 408, 410, 720, 820, 939
Moses ben Chanoch, 372
Moses ibn Ezra, 397, 398
Moses ben Shem Tob, 417-418
Moses of Salerno, 912
Moses ibn Tibbon, 910
Moslems, 49, 97, 114, 139, 151, 160, 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 175, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 187-344, 353*, 355, 360, 366, 367, 371, 384-385, 387, 395, 405, 407, 408, 410, 416, 418, 424, 425, 426, 428, 429, 430, 432, 442, 444, 447, 458, 460, 461, 465, 525, 554, 579, 588, 590, 592, 596, 599, 600, 604, 607, 610, 617, 629, 647, 692, 697, 698, 700, 703, 711, 717, 719, 721, 732, 734, 777, 780, 792, 798, 898, 966, 978, 982, 987, 988, 992, 996, 1004, 1009, 1056
also see Arabs
mosques, 272-274, 285, 286-287, 291, 293, 302, 311, 313, 316, 317
Mosul, 136, 202, 207, 231, 257, 280, 310, 312, 319, 329, 595
Great Mosque of, 317
motet, 899
Moville, 500, 532
Mowaffaq, al-, 210
“Mozarabs,” 299
Mshatta, 274
Muallaqat, 159
Muawiya I, 171*, 191-193, 230
muezzin, 264
Mugha, 306
Muhajirin, 167
Muhammad ibn Ahmad, 241
Muhammad ibn Hasan, 218
Muhammad, son of Ismail, 261
Muizz, al-, 284
Mukhariq, 280, 281
mullahs, 332
Munich, 391
Munk, Salomon, 406
Munster, 82, 496
Muntasir, al-, 201*, 202
Muqaddasi, Muhammad al-, 228-230, 242, 274
Muqanna, Hashim al-, 209-210
Muqtadir, al-, 209, 233
Muqtafi, al-, 208, 233
murals, 276, 319, 426, 432, 479, 657-658, 851, 853-856
Murcia, 298, 304, 698
murder, 390, 391, 410, 451, 530, 538, 569, 829, 925, 928
Musa ibn Nusayr, 97, 209, 291-292
Musa, son of Jafar al-Sadiq, 261
Musaeus, 124
Muscovy, 656
music, 31, 138, 157, 160, 270, 277, 286, 334, 342, 356, 372, 384, 403, 437-438, 466, 495, 497, 505, 574, 684, 748, 752, 824, 838, 895-902, 915, 928, 1007, 1028, 1085
Byzantine, 1351
Greek, 449
Irish, 499
Islamic, 278-281
musical competition, 280, 895
instruments, 278
notation, 135, 279, 895, 896, 897, 898, 1085
Musical Introduction (Alypius), 135
musicians, 280, 297, 701, 901
Mustakfi, Muhammad al-, 296
Mustanjid, al-, 338
Mustansir, 285, 287, 319
mosque of, 317
Mustasim, al-, 340
Mutadid, al-, 233, 297
Mutamid, al-, 201*, 297, 306-307, 371, 459, 460
Mutanabbi, Ahmad ibn Husein al-, 202, 264-265, 267
Mutasim, al-, 210, 276
Mutassim, Abu Ishaq al-, 201, 251
Mutawakkil, al-, 201, 224, 240, 252, 276
Mutazilites, 249, 250-252, 301, 367, 958
Muthanna, 151
mutilation, 391, 464, 569
Muzaffar I, al-, 409
Mu’jam al-Buldan (Yaqut), 329
Myriobiblion (Photius), 529
mysteries, sacred, 416, 787, 907, 945-946
mystery plays, 515, 643, 752, 1029
mysticism, 332, 337, 338, 395, 402, 416-418, 521, 769, 806, 801-811, 857, 959, 967, 979, 1060, 1085
Islamic, 257-262, 342, 1057
Jewish, 416
Oriental, 769
Persian, 324
mythology, 16, 261, 456, 506-508, 984, 1005, 1019, 1032, 1084
Nabati, al-, 329
Nachmanides (Moses ben Nachman), 366, 402, 418
Nadhir, banu-, 168, 169
Nadim, Muhammad al-, 238
Naghzala, Ismail ibn, 296
Nahavand, battle of, 152
Najat (Avicenna), 255
Najmud-din-Razi, 323
Nantes, 474, 615, 617, 931
napkins, 836
Naples, 98, 109, 110, 290, 440, 452, 538, 553, 616, 632, 633, 703, 725, 726, 728, 857, 911, 1000
University of, 720, 910, 919, 961, 963, 998
Napoleon I, 3, 105, 480, 784, 851, 922*, 1016
Naram-Sin, 156
Narbonne, 36, 37, 85, 396, 471, 541, 615, 771, 910, 916
Archbishop of, 758, 774, 814
congregation of, 415
council at, 776, 907
Narses, 110, 451
Nashki script, 277
Nasir, Muhammad al-, 314
Nasir-i-Khosru, 229, 285, 287, 313, 585
Nasir ud-Din al-Tusi, 328
Nathan ben Yechiel, 396
Natural History (Pliny), 984
Nature of Things, The (Neckam), 1015
Nature of Things, The (Thomas of Cantimpré), 1015
Naumburg, 861
Cathedral, 886
Navarre, 293, 462, 695
kingdom of, 458, 459
naves, 865, 866, 867, 871, 872, 881, 882
navigation, 615-616, 991, 994, 996, 1010, 1085
Nayin, Congregational Mosque at, 274
Nazareth, 230, 607
Nazianzen, 55, 62-63, 78
Near East, 50, 51, 55, 58, 59, 188, 192, 202, 206, 207, 218, 225, 236, 245, 249, 254, 263, 282, 326, 343, 375, 404, 454, 528, 585, 586, 589, 625, 706, 892, 895
Nebuchadrezzar, 232, 370*
Neckam, Alexander, 1006, 1013, 1015, 1017
necromancy, 417, 987
Negroes, 209, 210, 216, 831
Nennius, 81, 84, 1045
Neon, Bishop of Ravenna, 132
Neoplatonism, 9-10, 66, 123-125, 138, 244, 251, 258, 337, 406, 407, 416
Neopythagoreanism, 244, 416
Nepos, Julius, 42
nepotism, 464
Nerez, 657
Neri, 730, 731, 1061
Nero, 92, 129
Neroni, Bartolommeo, 889
Nerva, 31, 843
nerves, 956, 1001
Nestorianism, 49, 188, 233, 426
Nestorius, 48-49, 112, 946
neumes, 135, 896, 898, 901
Neustria, 92, 93