Parma, 662, 712, 724, 770, 916
parodies, 841, 900, 1025
Parthenon, Athens, 126, 530, 860-861, 893
Parzival (Wolfram), 1039, 1085
Pascal, Blaise, 808
Paschal lamb, 388
rites, Jewish, 392*
Paschal II, 514, 546, 661
Paschasius, St., 856
Passion, 385, 752
Passion Play, 1028
Passover, 358, 386
Past and Present (Carlyle), 926
Pastoral Care (Gregory I), 484
Pastoureux, 647-648
Patarines, 767, 770, 780, 783
Pater noster, 742, 749
Paternon, Filippo, 779
pathology, 249
Patras, 435, 436, 616
patriarchs, 349, 428, 527, 528-529, 530, 867, 1008
patricius, 42, 43, 97, 100
Patrick, St., 82, 83-84, 89, 496, 498, 735, 1068
“Patrimony of Peter,” 706
patronage, 276, 306, 1039
Patzinaks, 446, 586, 653
Paul III, 919
Paul of Aegina, 437
Paul, Bishop of Constantinople, 8
Paul the Christian, 402
Paul the Deacon, 451, 465
Paul, St., 9, 45, 66, 68, 69, 73, 84, 123, 127, 194, 523, 528, 547, 753, 881, 965, 976, 1068
Paul the Silentiary, 856
Paula, 51, 52, 54, 55, 59, 78
Paulicians, 47, 425, 528
Paulinus, missionary, 534
Paulinus of Pella, 29-30
Paulinus, St., 56, 85, 86
Pavia, 40, 98, 444, 451, 452, 462, 466, 616, 638, 712, 714, 916, 1025, 1026
Synod of, 761
University of, 916
peace, 470, 571-572, 755, 804, 818, 844
Peace of God, 571
peasant proprietorship, 425, 553, 644, 648
peasants, 118, 298, 424, 430, 435, 444, 447-448, 465, 481, 485, 519, 571, 578, 640, 644-645, 646, 647, 650, 656, 687, 688, 704, 778, 791, 816, 832, 841, 1007
free, 434, 497, 503, 505
German, 514, 664, 665
Italian, 731
Persian, 140
Peckham, John, 924, 925, 960, 962-963, 978, 995
pederasty, 220, 267, 299, 380, 821
Pedro I, 315
Pedro II, 698, 772
Pedro III, 373, 699, 726, 1037, 1075
Peipus, Lake, battle on, 655, 659
Pelagius, Franciscan monk, 557
Pelagius, heresiarch, 48, 54, 69-70, 946
Pelagius II, 520, 522
Pelayo, 458
Peloponnesus (Morea), 27, 118, 434, 651
Pembroke, Richard de Clare, Earl of, 682
Pembroke, William Marshal, Earl of, 677
penalties, 113-114, 374, 567, 620, 662, 820, 825, 829, 830, 844, 1075
ecclesiastical, 755
feudal, 568
for heresy, 782-783
professorial, 917
penance, 415, 543, 735, 738, 739, 764, 821, 824, 974, 985
penitential days, 359
formulas, 824
Penitentials, 739, 821
penny, 626
Pentateuch, 184, 350, 353, 356, 367, 377, 383, 409, 410, 416, 939
Pentecost, 75, 358, 751
Pepin I, 460
Pepin II, 461, 534
Pepin III the Short, 261, 292, 452, 463, 525, 662
Pepin, son of Charlemagne, 471
Pepin, King of Aquitaine, 472, 473
Pepo, 916
Perceval, 1019, 1045, 1046, 1047
Perceval le Gallois (Chrétien), 1045
Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, 948
Pereyaslavl, 653, 656
perfecti, 771
Perfectus, 300, 301
Périgueux, churches at, 868
Peri stephanon (Clemens), 56
perjury, 569, 755, 829, 928
Perotinus, 899
perpetual-motion machine, 996
persecution, 282, 285, 289, 348, 349, 364, 366, 370, 373, 389, 395, 415, 418, 427, 428, 440, 528, 533, 769, 784, 945, 1015
Persepolis, 136, 142, 148, 149
Persia, 3, 13, 17, 19-20, 22, 49, 108, 110, 118, 119, 128, 129, 136-152, 155, 156, 157, 171, 185, 188, 195, 196, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 219, 224, 225, 230, 232, 238, 240, 245, 247, 249, 251-252, 258, 264, 267-270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 310, 315, 317, 329, 340, 341, 343, 348, 366, 369, 389, 404, 423, 424, 441, 442, 572, 616, 769
eastern, 200
northeastern, 217
Sasanian, 136-150, 238, 309, 343, 441
western, 136
Persian Gulf, 151, 155, 203, 207, 208, 616, 993
Persians, 4, 20, 22, 89, 116, 136-152, 186*, 190, 192, 195, 202, 208, 216, 225, 243, 251-252, 264, 269, 270, 275, 280, 292, 318, 328, 348, 423, 424, 425, 446, 451, 874, 876
Persis, 142
Persons, three, 940, 969
Perspectiva communis (John Peckham), 995
perspective, 925, 995, 1008
Perugia, 706, 708, 761, 793, 795, 809, 815, 888, 998
Peruzzi family, 628, 889
Pessinus, 18
pestilences, 836, 1003
Petachya of Ratisbon, 404
Peter of Abano, 956, 988
Peter Asen, 657
Peter of Blois, 958
Peter of Castelnau, 774, 803
Peter Damian, St., 542, 735, 768, 787, 907, 1018, 1023, 1068, 1078
Peter I the Great, 1082
Peter the Hermit, 585, 589
Peter of Ireland, 961
Peter Lombard, 953, 965, 966-967, 1009, 1077
Peter Martyr (Piero da Verona), St., 783
Peter of Montreuil, 694
Peter, Prior of Holy Trinity, 736
Peter, St., 53, 84, 523, 526, 739, 1079
Peter of St. Omer, 997
Peter the Venerable, 390, 786, 911, 944, 946-947
Peter’s Pence, 767, 1041
Peterborough Cathedral, 871, 884
Peterhouse, Cambridge, 926
Petit, Jean, 952
Petrarch, 126, 1037, 1039, 1081, 1082, 1085, 1086
Petronilla, Queen, 698
Petronius Arbiter, 41, 1018
Petrus Hispanus, 999-1000, 1005, 1009, 1016
Petrus Peregrinus, 996, 1016
Phaedo (Plato), 912
Phantasticus (Lully), 979
Pharisees, 350, 367
pharmacology, 245-246, 403, 999
Pheidias, 5, 10, 133
Philip I, 541, 589, 668, 688
Philip II Augustus, 393, 548, 564, 599, 602, 606, 611, 672, 673, 674, 675, 677, 685, 688-690, 691, 695, 715, 738, 756, 766, 774, 825, 1085
Philip III, 1075
Philip IV the Fair, 393, 566, 568, 610, 615, 644, 648, 680, 685, 694*, 695-697, 729, 756, 766, 782, 812-816, 821, 823, 1052, 1085
Philip VI, 696, 986
Philip, Count of Flanders, 778, 1045
Philip of Swabia, Holy Roman Emperor, 763
Philo Judaeus, 240, 250, 416
philology, 305, 368, 395, 396, 437, 528, 1006
philosopher’s stone, 245, 996
philosophers, 264, 294, 314, 319, 332, 335, 479, 530, 531-532, 724, 731, 818, 867, 927, 930
Christian, 1077
French, 882
Greek, 244, 258, 283, 1008
Islamic, 300, 337-338, 719, 919
Jewish, 405-407, 954
scholastic, 402, 951, 1009
philosophy, 121-124, 267, 286, 294, 305, 312, 320, 322, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 338, 341, 371, 372, 395, 396, 397, 398, 400, 406-408, 409, 414, 415, 416, 418, 437, 438, 477, 515, 517, 528, 567, 719-720, 802, 807, 808, 821, 844, 876, 879, 899, 903, 910, 911, 912, 913, 914, 920, 923, 926, 930, 931, 934, 935, 938, 939, 945, 949-983, 984, 988, 989, 1008, 1012, 1014, 1015, 1027, 1052, 1057, 1058, 1062, 1067, 1083-1086
Arabic, 257, 334, 337-338, 406, 910, 913, 961, 982, 1068
Byzantine, 121-124
Catholic, 341
Greek, 123, 241, 251, 252, 253, 254, 405, 477, 893, 911, 931, 953
Islamic, 240, 249-257, 335, 336, 342, 343, 403, 982, 1006
Jewish, 255, 402, 405-401, 910
Renaissance, 724
scholastic, 697, 756, 803, 877, 913, 921, 933, 939, 949, 953, 960
Thomistic, 967-978
Phlegyas, 1071
phylacteries, 356
Phocas, 147, 423, 424
Photius, 429, 438, 439, 526, 528, 529
Phrygian mode, 895
phylarchs, 157
physicians, 291, 304, 319, 330, 370, 710, 757, 826, 833, 956, 986, 987, 997, 999, 1002
Christian, 612
court, 371
Jewish, 370, 373, 387-388, 403, 404, 612, 1084
Moslem, 245, 246, 247, 612, 720, 1001, 1084