processions, 432, 643, 839, 850, 866, 895, 986
Proclus, 123
Procopius, 37, 41, 98, 101, 106, 107, 109, 115, 117, 120, 125-126, 131, 133, 137, 144, 145
production, 554
large-scale, 1083
nationalized, 718
professions, 359, 371, 553, 696, 908
professors, 288, 818, 917, 918, 923, 957, 958, 988, 1006, 1009
profits, 377, 378, 628, 631
Prognostics (Hippocrates), 912
Prohaeresius, 9
prohibitions, 270, 273, 379, 403, 819, 954
proletariat, 647, 685, 686
promissory notes, 629
pronunciation, 903-904
propanganda, 263, 336, 851, 1063
Propertius, 466, 1085
property, 113, 295, 297, 363, 382, 435, 445, 463, 468, 525, 552, 567, 576, 766, 770, 777, 778, 784, 794, 802, 805, 823, 826, 928, 975
church, 300, 543, 675, 754, 767, 770, 773, 813
prophecies, 412, 987
prophets, 261, 365, 867, 987, 1008
proscription, 470, 780, 954
prose, 263, 491, 563
English, 806
German, 476
Gallic, 86-87
Latin, 466, 515, 810
Persian, 319
rhymed Arabic, 320
Prose Edda (Sturluson), 1032
Proslogion (Anselm), 933
prosody, 437, 497
prostitution, 76, 120-121, 157, 380, 433, 467, 554, 693, 806, 822-823, 927, 974, 1025
Provence, 57, 92, 264, 342, 393, 402, 415, 417, 473, 480, 615, 623, 663, 672, 688, 697, 719, 769, 771, 792, 831, 832, 1056, 1057, 1058
Proverbs, 353*
Provins, 615, 643
Prudentius, Aurelius Clemens, 56, 78
Prussia, 37, 514, 610, 618, 1000
Psalms, 161, 184, 325, 356, 397, 479, 748, 915
psalters, 479, 770, 852, 853
Psellus, Michael, 438-439, 949
Pskov, 655
psychology, 336, 966, 981, 999
Ptolemy, Claudius, 99, 122, 135, 240, 242, 244, 288, 329, 860, 879, 911, 912, 991, 1009, 1011
Ptolemy of Lucca, 974*
public works, 311, 313, 641
publicity, 693, 908
publishing, 294, 814, 907-908
Pudsey, Hugh de, 872
Pulcheria, 103
Pullen, Robert, 924
pulpits, 859, 865
Pumbeditha, 348, 366, 367, 368
punctuation, 906, 908
punishments, 355, 360, 368, 374, 486, 506, 632, 735, 778, 781, 819-820, 937, 943, 1067-1068, 1073
Punjab, 203
purdah, 180, 220, 221, 341
purgation, 1067, 1073
(medical), 999
Purgatorio (Dante), 1067, 1073-1076
purgatory, 523, 735, 740, 784, 834, 1067-1069
Purim, 359
Puritans, 820, 884
Pyrenees, 37, 95, 292, 458, 462, 480, 497, 553, 617, 670, 695, 752, 1030
pyromancy, 987
Pythagoras, 135, 820, 985
Qadarites, 217
Qadi, al-Fadil al-Baisani al-, 408
Qaim, al-, 204
Qairwan, 282, 283, 284, 292, 369, 403, 405
mosque of, 274, 286, 287
Qalaun, Sultan, 330
Qanun-fi-l-Tibb (Avicenna), 223, 224, 248-249, 255, 256-257
Qaraites, 367, 373, 407, 418
qasida, 159
Qasim, 193
Qasim Muhammad, Abu’l, 296-297
Qasir, al-, 276
Qasr-ibn-Wardan, 874
Qatai, 284
Qays Majnun, 324
Qifti, ibn al-, 319
Qilij Arslan, 590, 595
Quaternuli (David of Dinant), 955
Quintessence of Experence (al-Razi), 223
Quintilian, 1018
Quinze-vingt, Les, 1002
quacks, 305, 326, 997
quadrants, 241, 242
Quadripartitum (Ptolemy), 240
quadrivium, 99, 915
Quaestiones naturales (Abélard), 1003-1004
quodlibeta, 921
Quraish, 161-162, 165-171, 182, 191, 192, 228
Qusay, 161, 162
Qusayr Amra, 271, 276
Qutaiba, ibn, 238
Qutayba ibn Muslim, 209
Qutuz, 313, 340
Rab (Abba Areca), 348, 356, 364, 376
Rabanus Gauma, 926*
Rabanus Maurus, 514-515, 824
rabbis, 352*, 364, 366, 367, 382, 383, 419
Rabelais, François, 923, 983, 1052, 1086
Rabia al-Adawiyya, 259
Rabina II bar Samuel, 351
Rabula, 134
Radagaisus, 28
Ragusa, 436, 446, 657
raids, barbarian, 654
Danish, 483, 871
Finnish, 659
Magyar, 450, 476, 536, 614, 637
Moslem, 290, 450, 536, 614, 845
Norman, 293, 450, 536, 545
Norse, 476, 473–474, 475, 492, 499-500, 511, 614, 637, 845, 913, 914
Rainald von Dassel, 1025
Ramadan, 163, 212, 214, 215
Ramón Berenguer, 698
ransoms, 379, 393, 460, 571, 673
Rape of Proserpine (Claudian), 33
Raphael, 290, 1066
Raqqa, 200, 207, 231, 242
Rashdall, Hastings, 926*, 927*
Rashi, 352*, 395, 401, 409
Rathari, 451
Rationale divinorum officiorum (Guillame Durand), 748
rationalism, 250, 314, 338, 415, 790, 808, 917, 940, 946, 955, 982
Ratisbon, see Regensburg
Ratramnus, 741
Ravenna, 27, 28, 38, 39, 94, 98, 109, 110, 128, 129, 132-133, 426, 440, 451, 452, 467, 616, 626, 708, 723, 857, 916, 1065
Council of, 740
Ravensburg, 624
Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, 589, 590, 773, 774-775, 827, 923, 1037
Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, 775-776
Raymond of Agiles, 591
Raymond, Archbishop of Toledo, 910
Raymond of Peñafort, 402, 783, 966
Raymond du Puy, 593
Raymond Roger, Count of Foix, 773, 774
Rayy, 136, 207, 237, 246, 312, 317, 339
Razi, al-, 203, 223, 246, 247, 249, 408, 910-912
reading, 785, 908, 1055
Reading, 483, 484
Real Presence, 741
realism, 859, 869, 885, 931-934, 950, 951, 1013
reason, 265, 324, 325, 331-332, 338, 343, 368, 405, 407, 411, 412, 477, 523, 724, 807, 808, 917, 938, 939, 940, 945, 946, 950, 956, 957, 974, 978, 980, 981, 982, 1004, 1052, 1067, 1083
rebellion, 292, 339, 340, 347, 472, 481, 511, 512, 514, 644-645, 672, 683, 724
Recared I, 47, 95, 370, 349
records, 908*, 1008
“rectors,” university, 917, 918
Red Sea, 58, 119, 155, 156, 157, 161, 208, 349, 404, 596, 616
reform, 266, 521, 666, 811
monastic, 536, 791, 792
“Reform Manifesto,” 723
Reformation, 547, 708, 784, 809, 810, 820, 1082, 1086
refraction, 995, 996, 1011
Refugees, 167, 169, 170
Regensburg (Ratisbon), 390, 595, 619, 960
Reggio Calabria, 616
Reggio Emilia, 549, 712, 765, 918
Regiomontanus, 328
Reginald of Châtillon, 596, 597
Reginald of Piperno, 966*, 976*
Reginald, subprior of Canterbury, 674
Regnault de Cormont, 881
Regno, 717, 718, 720, 723, 725, 857, 1056, 1066
“regular clergy,” 756
regulations, economic, 378, 436
guild, 635-636
medical, 999
nautical, 434
university, 917, 921, 928
Reichenau, 476, 514, 515, 535
Reims, 12, 37, 91, 92, 474, 475, 476, 479, 481, 536, 615, 623, 639, 771, 864, 876, 914, 940
Cathedral, 132, 579, 697, 846, 853, 856, 859, 860, 861, 865, 873, 875, 876, 880-881, 882-885, 892, 893, 1085
coronations at, 566
Council of, 543
relics, 404, 426, 432, 442, 523, 524, 706, 743-745, 762, 764, 791, 863, 882
reliefs, 274, 848, 853, 857-862, 887, 889
religion, 98, 138, 182-184, 265, 266, 279, 301, 302, 305, 309, 324, 331-332, 336, 338, 341, 349, 350, 360, 361, 372, 396, 398, 402, 406, 411, 425, 433, 442, 456, 461, 463, 467, 504, 506-507, 515, 536, 577, 653, 670, 710, 732, 736, 747, 770, 808, 816, 820, 828, 842-844, 847, 893, 900, 905, 917, 944, 964, 980, 981, 1012, 1015, 1018, 1020, 1052, 1083, 1086
Babylonian, 366
Christian, 341, 958
Hindu, 243
Jewish, 341, 382-385, 405, 446
Mohammedan, 183-184, 321, 331-333, 341
reliquaries, 846, 848, 849
Rembrandt, 419
Remi, St., 57, 91