Byzantine, 121-124
Christian, 984-1017
Greek, 241, 342, 911, 916, 984
Islamic, 239-245, 288, 321, 328-331, 342, 343, 403, 450, 910, 913, 982, 1004, 1006
Jewish, 402-404
scientists, 304, 309, 319, 340, 395, 719, 802, 1086
Scito te ipsum (Abelard), 945
Scivias (Hildegarde), 810
Sclerus, Bardas, 430
Scotland, 447, 495, 496, 498, 507-502, 531, 532, 670, 673, 675, 678, 679, 681-684, 832, 883
Scots, 22, 80, 496, 682-684
scribes, 350, 907, 908
scriptoria, 99, 466
Scriptum principale (Roger Bacon), 1007
Scriptures, 11, 18, 78, 96, 115, 163, 169, 184, 185, 338, 353, 387, 398, 400, 410, 414, 415, 476, 526, 688, 773, 795, 808, 907, 938, 956, 961, 966, 967, 1008
authority of, 70, 929, 953, 981
Hebrew, 352*, 353, 355, 407, 938, 966
scrofula, 986
sculptors, 129, 133, 847, 848, 858, 869, 875, 881, 884, 889
sculpture, 149, 270, 274, 276, 278, 425, 432, 686, 748, 752, 857-862, 868-869, 877, 879, 883, 885, 886, 887, 889, 890, 1028, 1066, 1085, 1086
Gothic, 341, 697, 858, 860-861, 862
Islamic, 318
Romanesque, 869
scutage, 676
Scythians, 39, 82, 446
Sea of Marmora, 5, 103-104, 432
seals, 833, 849
Sebastian, St., 743
“Second Order of Irish Saints,” 531
Secret Doctrine, 417
Secretum Secretorum, 911
sects, 282, 338, 341, 420, 434, 768, 770, 771, 820
“secular canons,” 788
secularization, 756, 816, 917
Seder, 358
Sefer-ha-Bahir (Isaac the Blind and Azriel), 417
Sefer Yezira, 417
Sefer ha-Zohar (Moses ben Shem Tob), 417-418
sefiroth, 417
Segovia, 892
Seine River, 37, 474, 475, 481, 559, 617, 634, 645, 688, 690, 876, 877, 919, 927
Seleucia, 136
self-government, 366, 369, 434, 459, 638, 640, 662, 707, 715, 917
Seljuqs, 257, 311, 312, 316, 318, 338, 586, 652
Selvo, Domenico, 851
Semites, 89, 156*, 172, 185
Sempringham, order of, 792
Senate, Byzantine, 428, 431
Roman, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42, 43, 50, 98, 101, 111, 114, 456, 707, 708
Venetian, 457, 603, 709, 711
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, 20, 55, 87, 1010, 1014, 1018, 1027, 1070
seneschals, 560, 688
Senlac, see Hastings
Senoch, St., 57
Sens, 12, 475, 639, 671, 841
Bishop of, 541
Cathedral, 856
Council of, 479, 946
Sententiarum libri IV (Peter Lombard), 953, 965, 1009
Sephardim, 370*, 370
Sepphoris, 347, 351
Septuagint, 240, 535
“sequences,” 897
Serapion, St., 59
Serbia, 444, 446, 535, 544, 657, 658, 762
Serene, 384
serfdom, 93, 113, 209, 298, 425, 435, 442, 459, 465, 466, 553, 554, 555-558, 560, 578, 609, 644, 650, 659, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 679, 682, 686, 687, 690, 696, 766, 785, 824, 825, 844, 1083
Sergius III, 538
Sergius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 424, 895
Serindia, 118, 119
sermons, 521, 749, 903, 944, 1013, 1018, 1068
servants, 463, 554
service, military, 375, 434, 463, 927
Severus Livius, 42
Severus Sebokht, 241
Seville, 37, 95-97, 271, 279, 291, 293, 296-297, 298-299, 304, 306-307, 314, 315, 320, 329, 330, 335, 338, 371, 383, 459, 460, 623, 624, 697, 698, 891, 909
Cathedral, 315-316
University of, 919
sewage, 835, 1003
sextants, 242
sexuality, 357, 361, 381, 409, 456, 464, 611, 757*, 764, 787, 821-824, 830, 835, 927, 973, 976
Sfax, 132, 316, 703
Shafii, Muhammad al-, 226
Shāhnama (Firdausî), 137, 138, 268, 269
Shahrastani, Muhammad al-, 320
Shahr-Baraz, 151
Shajar-al-Durr, 312
Shakespeare, William, 651, 1019, 1045, 1080, 1081
Shammai, 362
Shams al-Maali Qabus, 231, 247
Shams-i-Tobrizi, 325
Shaprut, Hasdai ben, 294, 371, 372, 396, 459
Shapur (city), 143, 149
Shapur I, 142-143, 149, 150
Shapur II, 13, 20, 128, 139-140, 141, 143
Sharazuri, al-, 322
Shariyar, 268
Shavuot, feast of, 358
Sheba, Queen of, 156
shekinah, 354, 360
Shem Tob, 910
Shema Yisrael, 184, 354, 356
shepherds, 552, 791, 1027
sheriffs, 680
Sheroye, 148, 151
Sherwood Forest, 667*
Shl’ites, 103, 217, 252, 261, 309, 367
Shrewsbury, 1019
shipbuilding, 506, 615
Shiraz, 148, 203, 207, 232, 271, 273, 278, 326
Shirin, 147
Shirkuh, 310, 311
shoes, 834
shops, 420, 432, 454, 914, 1083
shorthand, 906
shrines, 303, 846, 849, 870
Shushtar, 143
Sic et non (Abélard), 754, 939-940, 953
Sicilian Vespers, 726, 730
Sicily, 27, 36, 98, 109, 110, 116, 140, 208, 236, 264, 273, 282, 286, 289-291, 342, 343, 349, 375, 393, 403, 404, 442, 453, 510, 529, 571, 586, 599, 611, 616, 621, 622, 624, 645, 663, 664, 665, 694, 699, 703-705, 709, 714, 715, 716, 717, 719, 724, 726, 760, 761, 792, 812, 813, 831, 852, 857, 909, 911, 989, 990, 1056, 1086
see Two Sicilies
Siddhantas, 241
Sidjistani Society, 254
Sidon, 207, 229, 600, 607, 609
Sidonius, Archbishop of Mainz, 531
siege, 570, 658
Siegfried (Sigurd), 508, 1032-1035
Siena, 616, 642, 658, 727, 797, 798, 811, 838, 854, 861, 862, 888, 889, 998, 999, 1028, 1064
Cathedral, 855*, 861-862, 888-889
University of, 919
Siete Partidas, 699
Siffin, battle of, 192
Sigebert, 91-92
Siger of Brabant, 338, 923, 955, 957-958, 962, 1068, 1077
Signorelli, Luca, 889
Sigrid, Queen of Sweden, 503
Sigurd, see Siegfried
Sigurd Jorsalafare, 992
Sigvat Thordarsson, 509
Silesia, 375, 660, 905
silk, 118-119, 367, 376, 379, 440, 624, 826
silver, 847, 876
Silverius, St., 115
Simeon, King of Bulgaria, 444, 657
Simeon, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 585
Simeon Stylites, 60
Simon ben Yohai, 417, 418
Simon of Tournai, 736
simony, 430, 521, 541, 543, 547, 548, 551, 755, 760, 770, 1072
Simurgh, 324
sin, 264, 278, 353*, 354-355, 360, 523, 527, 732, 733, 736, 738, 740, 770, 796, 820, 821, 907, 927, 945, 946, 973, 974, 976, 985, 991, 1013, 1067-1069, 1073, 1075, 1076
Sina, ibn, see Avicenna
Sinai, Mt., 353, 358
sines, tables of, 328
singing, 306, 384, 505, 749-751, 896, 898, 899, 1054, 1057
Sinjar, 242, 310, 312, 317, 320
Sirat, al-, 178
Siricius, St., 45
Sirmium, 13, 39
Sis, 652
Sisebut, King, 370, 372, 375
Sixtus III, St., 51
Siyasat-nama (Nizam), 309
skepticism, 265, 267, 301, 331, 332, 353, 367, 405, 736, 816, 955-958, 1020, 1084
slaves, 29-30, 32-33, 77, 93, 112-113, 118, 280, 290, 298, 334, 347, 369, 370, 424, 434, 435, 436, 442, 448, 459, 465, 486-487, 497, 531, 542, 553-554, 711, 719, 734, 824, 831, 975-976, 1083
Christian, 375, 454
Islamic, 209, 792
Jewish, 375
Russian, 653
Viking, 506
Slavs, 4, 423, 424, 428, 430, 432, 434, 443-449, 462, 471, 529, 535-536, 554, 575, 610, 657, 659, 660, 664, 665, 832
Slovaks, 445, 535
slums, 316, 650
smallpox, 265, 335
smelting, 623, 848
Smolensk, 448, 653
Smyrna, 9, 436, 651
Snorri Sturluson, 503, 504, 509, 1032
societies, 379, 1084
society, 450, 486, 504-505, 578, 718, 777, 818-820, 821, 825, 839-842, 975, 1083