William de la Mare, 977-978
William of Moerbeke, 611, 912, 962
William of Nogaret, 815, 816
William of Norwich, 392
William of Rubruquis, 608, 993, 1010, 1012
William of St. Carilef, 871
William of St. Cloud, 991
William of St. Thierry, 789, 939* 946, 950
William of Saliceto (Guglielmo Salicetti), 1001, 1016
William of Sens, 884
William, Archbishop of Tyre, 598, 599, 611, 1020
William of Volpiano, 479
Willibrord, 534-535
wills, 419, 754, 765, 766
Wilton, battle of, 484
Winchester, 81, 392, 487, 492, 578, 622
Cathedral, 87, 491, 866, 883, 884, 902
School, 915
windows, 272, 286, 342, 835, 846, 847, 856-857, 865, 867, 868, 872, 876, 877, 879-880, 881, 883, 884, 885-886, 887, 888, 891, 892, 1085
Windsor, 676
Castle, 893
wine, 358, 379, 553, 645, 740-741, 749, 786, 787, 837, 928, 997, 1000
Wipo, 897*
witchcraft, 410, 416, 433, 451, 531, 568, 970, 985-986
Witelo, 288, 1011
Witenagemot, 485, 486, 493, 494, 666, 668, 678
Witigis, 109
Witiza, 97
Wolfger, Bishop of Passau, 1041
Wolfram von Eschenbach, 905, 1039, 1045, 1046-1047, 1049, 1085
women, 137-138, 264, 269, 271, 278, 363, 381, 418, 432, 496, 505, 559, 569, 575, 576, 635, 697, 701, 731, 746, 757*, 771, 787, 798, 805, 806, 818, 822, 823, 824, 825-828, 832, 839, 840, 850-851, 896, 905, 973-974, 985, 986, 1007, 1018, 1025, 1036, 1052, 1054, 1059
Anglo-Saxon, 487-488
Byzantine, 433
dress of, 833-834
German, 515
Italian, 1057
Jewish, 379, 380, 386, 387
Moslem, 158-159, 180-182, 220-223, 387
Slav, 77, 113, 121, 341, 445, 579, 748, 1039, 1044
wood carving, 286, 287, 318, 848
woodcuts, 906
woodwork, 274, 700, 847, 848
wool, 624, 685, 700
Worcester, 392, 487
Cathedral, 871
words, 342, 807, 816, 905-906, 912
workers, 296, 442, 575, 648, 650, 718, 864, 878
Works (Voltaire), 759*
World War, First, 880, 886
Second, 467, 519, 862, 870, 893
Worms, 369, 386, 401, 403, 511, 513, 514, 516, 543, 619, 633, 640, 1034, 1035
Cathedral, 870
Concordat of, 760
council at, 548
worship, 356, 765
Arab, 160-161
Coptic, 289
freedom of, 292, 299, 451
phallic, 745
Worstead, 624
Wright, Thomas, 825, 1024*
Wulfilaich, 57
Würzburg, 391
Cathedral, 1041
Wyclif, John, 74, 678, 784, 926*, 1082
Wyvill, Peter, Bishop of Exeter, 1082
Yahya, 197, 198, 199, 207, 208, 278
Yahveh, 161, 177, 184, 348, 353, 357, 358, 382, 384, 386, 395, 416, 717, 742, 746, 769
see God
Yaqub ibn Qillis, 284, 285, 287
Yaqub Yusuf, Abu, 314, 315, 334, 335-336
Yaqubi, Ahmad al-, 229, 230, 236, 242
Yaqut, 230, 237, 329
Yarmouth, 645
Yarmuk River, battle of the, 189
Yaroslav, 448-449, 653
Yathrib, see Medina
Yazuri, 287
year, 956
Jewish civil, 359
Moslem, 171
Yekutiel ibn Hassan, 396, 397
yellow badge, 373
Yemen, 156, 366
Yezdegird I, 140
Yezdegird III, 151-152
Yezid I, 193
Yezid II, 195, 384
Yezid III, 195
Yezid, Abu, 258
Yolande of Brienne, 716
Yom Kippur, 214, 359
York, 369, 405, 483, 488, 491, 495, 642, 863
cathedral school of, 914
Minster, 871
Ypres, 615, 618, 622, 623, 642, 648, 685, 886, 888
Yuhanna ibn Masawayh, 246
Yunus, Ali ibn, 288
Yusuf, Emir, 372
Yusuf ibn Omar, 226
Yusuf and Zuleika (Firdausi), 268
Y wain (Chrétien), 1045
Zab River, battle of the, 196
Zacharias (Zachary), Pope, 461, 542
Zahra, al-, palace of, 302-303
Zahira, 294, 296
Zahrawi, Abu’l Qasim al- (Abulcasis), 305
Zaid, 164, 172
Zaid ibn Thabit, 175
Zallaka, battle of, 307
Zamora, 892
Council of, 373
Zangi, 310, 594
Zara (Zadar), 446, 603
Zarqali, Ibrahim al-, 305, 991
Zayrids, 314
“Zealots,” 300-301, 802
Zemzem, 216, 285
Zeno, Emperor, 42-43, 49, 97, 103, 115
Zeno, philosopher, 9, 101, 1070
zero, 241, 912, 990
Zobaida, 198, 199, 221, 222
Zobeir, 190, 191, 193, 227
Zoë, fourth wife of Leo VI, 429
Zoë, wife of Romanus Argyrus, 430
Zonaras, 650
zoology, 429, 720, 994
Zoroaster (Zarathustra), 139, 147, 183
Zoroastrianism, 47, 136, 137, 139, 142, 174, 194, 200, 218, 219, 243, 305, 416
Zosimus, 70, 125
Zuhair, Kab ibn, 171
Zuhr, Abu Marwan ibn (Avenzoar), 330, 910
Zurich, 624, 687
About the Authors
WILL DURANT was born in North Adams, Massachusetts, on November 5, 1885. He was educated in the Catholic parochial schools there and in Kearny, New Jersey, and thereafter in St. Peter’s (Jesuit) College, Jersey City, New Jersey, and Columbia University. New York. For a summer he served as a cub reporter on the New York Journal, in 1907, but finding the work too strenuous for his temperament;, he settled down at Seton Hall College, South Orange, New Jersey, to teach Latin, French, English, and geometry(1907–11). He entered the seminary at Seton Hall in 1909, but withdrew in 1911 for reasons he has described in his book Transition. He passed from this quiet seminary to the most radical circles in New York, and became (1911–13) the teacher of the Ferrer Modern School, an experiment in libertarian education. In 1912 he toured Europe at the invitation and expense of Alden Freeman, who had befriended him and now undertook to broaden his borders.
Returning to the Ferrer School, he fell in love with one of his pupils—who had been born Ida Kaufman in Russia on May 10, 1898—resigned his position, and married her(1913). For four years he took graduate work at Columbia University, specializing in biology under Morgan and Calkins and in philosophy under Wood-bridge and Dewey. He received the doctorate in philosophy in 1917, and taught philosophy at Columbia University for one year. In 1914, in a Presbyterian church in New York, he began those lectures on history, literature, and philosophy that, continuing twice weekly for thirteen years, provided the initial material for his later works.
The unexpected success of The Story of Philosophy (1926) enabled him to retire from teaching in 1927. Thenceforth, except for some incidental essays Mr. and Mrs. Durant gave nearly all their working hours (eight to fourteen daily) to The Story of Civilization. To better prepare themselves they toured Europe in 1927, went around the world in 1930 to study Egypt, the Near East, India, China, and Japan, and toured the globe again in 1932 to visit Japan, Manchuria, Siberia, Russia, and Poland. These travels provided the background for Our Oriental Heritage (1935) as the first volume in The Story of Civilization. Several further visits to Europe prepared for Volume 2, The Life of Greece (1939), and Volume 3, Caesar and Christ (1944). In 1948, six months in Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Egypt, and Europe provided perspective for Volume 4, The Age of Faith (1950). In 1951 Mr. and Mrs. Durant returned to Italy to add to a lifetime of gleanings for Volume 5, The Renaissance (1953); and in 1954 further studies in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, France, and England opened new vistas for Volume 6, The Reformation (1957).
Mrs. Durant’s share in the preparation of these volumes became more and more substantial with each year, until in the case of Volume 7, The Age of Reason Begins (1961), it was so great that justice required the union of both names on the title page. And so it was on The Age of Louis XIV (1963), The Age of Voltaire (1965), and Rousseau and Revolution (winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1968).