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multinational corporations

Munich

Münzenberg, Willi

Murdoch, Rupert

Murray, Charles

Murray, Lionel ‘Len’, Baron Murray of Epping Forest

Musil, Robert

Muskie, Edmund

Mussolini, Benito

Mussorgsky, Modest

My Lai massacre (1968)

Myrdal, Gunnar

N

Nagasaki

Nagorny Karabakh

Nagy, Imre

Najibullah, Mohammed

Namur

Nancy Festival (France)

Nanking

massacre (1937)

Nanterre, University of

Naples:

earthquake (1980)

student population

Napoleon I

Code Napoléon

Napoleonsee Louis Napoleon

Nasser, Gamel Abdaclass="underline"

and Algerian independence

and Aswan Dam

coup of 1952

death

disasters of regime

Egyptian-Syrian union

pan-Arab nationalist ambitions

Six Day War (1967)

and Suez crisis

National Archives (British)

National Coal Board (British)

National Enterprise Board (British)

National Freight (British lorry company)

National Health Service (British)

National Review (magazine)

National Rifle Association (American)

National Security Council (American; NSC)

National Union of Journalists (British)

National Union of Mineworkers (British)

National Union of Public Employees (British; NUPE)

nationalism

Belgium

China

Hungary

India

Ireland

Kurdish

Middle East

Romania

Scotland

Slovakia

South East Asia

Spain

USSR

Yugoslavia

nationalization of industry:

Britain

Chile

France

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization):

establishment of

and European missile bases

fiftieth anniversary

French withdrawal from military command

headquarters moved to Brussels

intelligence network

and Korean War

military-financial complex

Turkish membership

West German membership

natural gas

Nature (magazine)

Nazism see Germany, Nazi; neo-Nazism

Needham, Joseph

Neil, Andrew

Nekrich, Alexandr

Nemchinov, Vasily

Németh, Miklós

Nenni, Pietro

neo-Nazism

Nerchinsk, Treaty of (1689)

Neruda, Pablo

Neues Deutschland (newspaper)

Neues Forum (East German independent political movement)

Nevşehir

New Deal (Roosevelt)

New Delhi

New Frontier (Kennedy)

New Republic (magazine)

New York:

affluence

anti-Vietnam War protests

bankruptcy and collapse of public services

Castro in

crime

financial centre

government

Kennedy airport

poverty

New York Review of Books

New York Times

New Zealand

Newsweek (magazine)

Newton Dunn, Bill

Nhu, Madame Ngo Dinh

Nicaragua

Contras

Nicholas of Cusa

Nicolson, Sir Harold

Nielsen, Birgit

Nietzsche, Friedrich

Nigeria, oil production

Nightingale, Florence

Nissan (automobile manufacturer)

Nixon, Richard:

appearance and character

and Cambodia

and Ceauşescu

and Chile

China visit (1972)

and Congress

economic policy

election as President: (1968); (1972)

impeachment proceedings and resignation

and Israel

loses 1960 election

reputation

row with Khrushchev over culture

and SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

‘silent majority’ speech

Vice-President

and Vietnam

Watergate scandal

Nkrumah, Kwame

NKVD (Soviet People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs)

Noble, Denis

Nol, Lon

Norilsk

North Korea:

establishment of

and Japan

Kim II Sung regime

missiles

see also Korean War

North Sea

oil

North Vietnam:

agricultural collectivization

Army

bombing of

Chinese military support

establishment of

executions see also Vietnam War

Norway

Novorossiysk

Novotný, Antonín

nuclear physics

nuclear power

nuclear weapons:

American development of

British development of

French development of

Geneva conference on nuclear tests (1958)

‘nuclear deterrent’ doctrine

Pakistan’s development of

‘peaceful coexistence’ doctrine

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Soviet development of

threatened use in Korean War

see also ICBMs

NUPE (British National Union of Public Employees)

Nuremberg trials

Nuti, Mario

O

Oberdorfer, Don

Observer (newspaper)

Öcalan, Abdullah

Occidental Petroleum

OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)

OEEC (Organization for European Economic Co-operation)

oil crisis of 1973

oil prices

oil production:

Indonesia

Mexico

Middle East

Nigeria

North Sea

OPEC

Sahara

USA

USSR

Venezuela

Oistrakh, David

Olçay, Osman

Olympic Games, Moscow (1980)

Onassis, Aristotle

O’Neill, Thomas ‘Tip’

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

opera

opium

‘Optimal Functioning’ (Soviet planning system)

Orbán, Viktor

Organization of American States

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC)

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries see OPEC

Orlov, Andrey

Orlov, Yuri

Orthodox Church

Orwell, George

Coming Up for Air

Nineteen Eighty-Four

Osborne, John

Ostpolitik

O’Sullivan, John

Oswald, Lee Harvey

Ottoman Empire

collapse of

Outer Mongolia

Owen, Sir Geoffrey

Oxford University

Bodleian Library

Özal, Turgut:

background, family and character

death

economic reforms

foreign policy

and Kurdish nationalism

opposition to

premiership and presidency

P

Packard, Vance, Status Seekers

Pakistan:

and Afghanistan

American support for

and China

establishment of

nuclear weapons development