[1155] These developments are further described in Frier 198; (f 6; 2) 261-6. See esp. Cic. Top. 65-6,
written in 44 B.C.
[1157] Gai. Inst. iv.30-1, 35. Extraordinary cognition also comes to be an exception; see below, Section VI.
[1158] See Suet. Aug. 32.3; Dio lrv.18.3; Modestinus, D 48.14.1.4; Frag. Vat. 197-8.
[1159] Gai. Inst. iv. 103-9.
[1160] Pomponius, D 1.2.2.48-50; Gai. Inst. 1.7. For a summary of scholarly views, see Schiller 1978 (f 689) 297—312; Wieacker 1985 (f 706). It is uncertain when the right was introduced, but Labeo probably had it (Gell. NA xiii.io.i).
[1161] Pomponius, D 1.2.2.49: 'ut maior iuris auctoritas haberetur'.
[1162] Pomponius, D 1.2.2.48, jo; cf. Kunkel 1967 (f 666a) 272-89.
[1163] Cf. Pomponius, D 1.2.2.49 (citing Hadrian); however, the meaning of this passage is uncertain.
[1164] A good example of close edictal interpretation is Ulpian, D 4.2.9 pr.\ according to Labeo, the interdicts wide vi require physical, not just psychological violence (contrast Cic. Cat tin. 46, 49). Compare: Ulpian, D 9.1.9 pr., 17.4.1.5. If the result is too harsh, Labeo recommends that the Edict's wording be changed: Ulpian, D 42.1.4.}; or that the praetor use discretion in enforcing it: Paul, D 2.4.11, 3.3.43.6; Ulpian, D 4.8.15. Cf. Horak 1969 (f 658) 194-205, 212-16.
[1165] Javolenus, D 18.1.77; Paul, D 18.1.21; both citing Labeo. Compare, on wills, Labeo, D 32.30
pr. 37 Ulpian, D 9.2.5.2; cf. Horak 1969 (f 658) 242-61.
[1167] Paul, D 13.6.17.5. 41 Ulpian, D 4.3.7.3. 42 Pomponius, D 19.1.64; 19.2.19.1.
4J Ulpian, D 9.2.11 fir. Fragments: Lenel 1889 (в 109) 1691-6 (thirty-three citations). Mela's date
and background (both uncertain): Kunkel 1967 (f 666a) 116. Other contemporary jurists, like
Blaesus and Vitellius, are just names.
[1171] Labeo may have commented on the Lex Papia Poppaea of a.d. 9 (cf. Labeo, D 40.7.42), but receives no obituary from his admirer Tacitus (whose Annalei begin with Augustus' death in 14).
[1172] See Schiller 1978 (p 689) $27-30, summarising the scholarship. In any case, the division is not likely to be based on either political or philosophical disagreement.
44 Cf. Liebs 1976 (p 668) 215-42 (very speculative).
[1174] Liebs 1976 (p 668) 243-75, lists known controversies, not all of them certain; see also Falchi 1981 (f 651) 263-8.
[1175] Tiberius, who preferred consuls distinguished in civilian arts (Tac. Ляп. iv.6.2), also gave a consulate to the jurist Caninius Rebilus (see n. 3 2). Jurists serve him also in overseeing Rome's water supply: Capito from 13 to 22, the elder Nerva from 24 to 33 (Frontin. Aq. 2.102); see Syme 1986 (a 95) 220-3.
[1176] On Proculus, see Pomponius, D 1.2.2.50, with Kunkel 1967 (p 666a) 123-9; Mayer-Maly >9)7 (p 671); but also Honore 1962 (p 656). Born e. 20 b.c., he probably lived until c. a.d. 60, when Pegasus succeeded him as head of the school (Pomponius, 5 3); Proculus may have been a pupil of Labeo, but wrote harshly critical notes on his writings and often disagrees with him. Fragments: Lenel 1889 (в 109) n 139-84 (179 citations); cf. Krampe 1970 (f 665), for a close analysis of his methods.
[1177] The family, from Narnia in Umbria, first rose to notice in the triumviral period: Kunkel 1967 (p 666a) i 20-30. Fragments: pater, Lenel, 1889 (в 109) 1 787-90 (thirty-five citations); filius, ibid. 791-2 (eight citations).
[1178] Pomponius, D 1.2.2.48-50 (a troubled passage); cf. Kunkel 1967 (f 666a) 119-20. Sabinus, who may stem from Verona, was probably born c. 25 B.C. and survived into the reign of Nero (below, n. 66). Fragments: Lenel 1889 (в 109) II 187-216 (236 citations).
[1179] Pomponius, D 1.2.2.51. Cassius is a collateral descendant of Caesar's assassin: Syme 1986 (л 95) Table XXIV. Born c. 5 b.c., he enjoyed a distinguished political career and is prominent in Tacitus' Annaler, cf. Norr 1984 (p 676), and also Norr 1983 (f 675) on the speech in Tac. Ann. xiv.43-4. His character: Tac. Ann. xn.12.1. He studied with Sabinus (D 4.8.19.2); on his death, see n. 70. Fragments: Lenel 1889 (в 109) I 109-26 (143 citations).
[1180] Cassiani-. Pliny, Ep. vn.24.8; Pomponius, D 1.2.2.52;«/ al. The school is called Sabiniani first by Marcellus (cf. D 24.1.11.3), and often thereafter.
[1181] For instance, Schulz 1946 (f 690) 119-23; and so still Schiller 1978 (f 689) 329-30, with bibliography.
[1182] Stein 1972 (f 695); Liebs 1976 (f 668) 275-82; Falchi 1981 (f 651); Scacchetti 1984 (f 688). These authors differ in many details, implying that reconstruction is very difficult.
[1183] Pomponius, D 1.2.2.48,52. There is no evidence that Labeo himself founded a school, or that
he taught Nerva pater or Proculus.
M Venuleius, Z? 45.1.128pr.\ cf. Papinian, Ŭ 45.1.115.2. » Gai. Inst, m.ioj.
[1186] Gai. Inst, tv.114; compare also 111.168. Gai. Inst, ш.141; Paul, D 18.1.1.1, 19.4.1 pr.
62 Gai. Inst. 1.196; Ulpian, Lib. Sing. Reg. 11.28.
[1188] Caligula: Suet. Calig. 34.2 (meaning disputed). Claudius: Sen. Apocol. 12.2; and below, at n. 90.
[1189] Sabinus comments on an it of Nero (from a.d. 5 3 or 60): Gai. Iiul. 11.218. Pegasus, consul probably in 76, cannot have succeeded Proculus much before 60: Pomponius, D 1.2.2.5 3.
[1190] Tac. Ann. xvi.7, 9.1; Pomponius, D 1.2.2.51-52. Cassius was reportedly almost blind at the time of his exile.