23 Gilbert, Churchill War Papers, pp. 693–4, speech to the House of Commons, 20 August 1940.
24 Cowles, Looking for Trouble, pp. 424–6.
25 N. Nicolson (ed.), Harold Nicolson: Diaries and Letters 1939 – 1945 (London, 1967), p. 111, entry for 7 September 1940.
26 PRO AIR 8/315, Chief of the Air Staff, ‘Analysis of the G. A. F. Personnel Losses, July–October 1940’; AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, report for 12 September 1940, p. 3; A. Galland, The First and the Last (London, 1955), p. 34.
27 AHB, Dowding ‘Despatch’, p. 20.
28 AHB, Dowding ‘Despatch’, p. 24; PRO T265/19, Treasury Inter-Service Committee, meeting of 3 October 1940 for final decision; AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, ‘German Attacks on England 11 September-31 October’, p. 14.
29 PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, pp. 6–7; Dowding to Air Ministry, 22 September 1940, ‘German Attacks on England 8 August–10 September’, pp. 1–2. See too AHB, Dowding ‘Despatch’, pp. 18–19.
30 IWM, EDS documents, AL 1492, OKW Aktennotiz, 20 August 1940.
31 PRO AIR 40/2444, Bechtle lecture, p. 4; K. Maier, ‘Die Luftschlacht um England’, in Das deutsche Reich und der zweite Weltkrieg, vol. 2 (Stuttgart, 1979), p. 386. See too J. Ray, The Night Blitz 1940 – 1941 (London, 1996), pp. 97–102.
32 Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, p. 100, entry for 14 September 1940.
33 Goebbels, Tagebücher, p. 313.
34 PRO AIR 9/447: COS meeting, ‘Bombardment Policy’, June 1940; Air Ministry, Director of Plans, memorandum, 8 July 1940.
35 PRO AIR 40/2444, Bechtle lecture, p. 5; AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summaries, 8 August, 12 September 1940.
36 PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, p. 5.
37 Goebbels, Tagebücher, p. 315, entry for 9 September 1940.
38 Shirer, Berlin Diary, pp. 381, 384.
39 Goebbels, Tagebücher, p. 296, entry for 27 August 1940; Shirer, Berlin Diary, p. 384.
40 Maier, ‘Luftschlacht’, p. 405.
41 PRO AIR 16/432, Home Security intelligence summaries, reports of operations, 24/25 August, 25/26 August, 28/29 August.
42 PRO AIR 16/635: HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, pp. 1–5; HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, pp. 4–6; AHB, Dowding ‘Despatch’, pp. 11–12.
43 PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, pp. 3–4, 12.
44 Bekker, Luftwaffe Diaries, p. 226; Collier, Defence of the United Kingdom, pp. 244–5.
45 FCNA, pp. 133–5, ‘Conference with the Führer’, 6 September 1940; p. 136, Naval Staff memorandum, 10 September 1940. Maier, ‘Luftschlacht’, pp. 386–7.
46 Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, vol. 2, pp. 98–9, entry for 14 September 1940.
47 FCNA, pp. 136–9: ‘Conference with the Führer’, 14 September 1940; OKW directive, 19 September 1940; OKW directive, 12 October 1940. Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, vol. 2, p. 99.
48 FCNA, p. 137, memorandum from Admiral Raeder, 14 September 1940; Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, vol. 2, p. 100; Maier, ‘Luftschlacht’, pp. 390–91.
49 L. E. O. Charlton, War over England (London, 1936), pp. 158–81.
50 PRO INF 1/264, Home Intelligence daily reports, 27 June 1940.
51 PRO INF 1/264, reports for 28 June, 6 September 1940.
52 PRO INF 1/264, report for 23 August 1940.
53 J. Langdon-Davies, Nerves versus Nazis (London, 1940), pp. 7, 14, 17–18.
54 PRO INF 1/264, Home Intelligence daily reports, 6 September 1940.
55 PRO INF 1/264, reports for 9,10 September 1940.
56 G. Orwell, ‘War-time Diary: 1940’, entry for 25 October 1940, in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters (4 vols, London, 1968), vol. 2, pp. 427–8.
57 PRO INF 1/292 Part I, Home Intelligence weekly reports, report for 30 September–9 October, p. 1.
58 Hinsley, British Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 172–3,184–5.
59 PRO AIR 16/356: Air Ministry to Dowding, 1 August, 27 August 1940; cypher messages, Fighter Command, 7 September, 22 September, 24 September, 13 October, 25 October.
60 PRO INF 1/283, Ministry of Information newsletter, ‘Questions the Public Are Asking’, 23 September, 9 October; Cowles, Looking for Trouble, p. 446.
61 Orwell, ‘War-time Diary: 1940’, p. 394·
62 PRO INF 1/292 Part I, Home Intelligence weekly report, 4 November–11 November 1940, pp. 1–2; INF 1/849, Ministry of Information Policy Committee, meeting of 4 June 1940, p. 1.
63 AHB, Dowding ‘Despatch’, Appendix C.
64 AHB, ‘Course of the Air War’, p. 3.
65 PRO AIR 22/263, ‘Daily Returns of Casualties to RAF Aircraft’, 29 September 1940–31 January 1941; AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, ‘German Attacks on England 11 September–31 October 1940’, pp. 6–12; German figures in Groehler, Geschichte des Luftkriegs, p. 272.
66 Maier, ‘Luftschlacht’, p. 392; Groehler, Geschichte des Luftkriegs, p. 270.
67 Goebbels, Tagebücher: p. 429, entry for 12 December 1940; p. 410, entry for 24 November; p. 420, entry for 5 December 1940.
FOUR A VICTORY OF SORTS
1 H. Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, p. 126, letter from Nicolson to Vita Sackville-West, 8 November 1940.
2 Colville, Fringes of Power, p. 266.
3 Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, p. 129, diary 22 November 1940.
4 PRO AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, 19 September 1940, pp. 4–5.
5 Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, p. 140, diary 23 January 1941.
6 PRO PREM 3/88 (3): Churchill to Ismay, 26 December 1940; cypher message from Mr O’Malley, Budapest, 4 February 1941; Portal (CAS) to Churchill, 13 February 1940.
7 PRO AIR 8/463, Portal to Churchill, 18 February 1941,20 March 1941.
8 PRO AIR 9/136, Air Ministry memorandum, ‘Bomber and Fighter Efforts Available to Counter Attempted Invasion’, 5 March 1941; FCNA, p. 172, ‘Conference with the Führer’, 8/9 January 1941.
9 G. Blumentritt, ‘Operation “Sealion” ’, in D. Detweiler (ed.), World War II German Military Studies (24 vols, New York, 1979), vol. 7, pp. 10–11.
10 H. Greiner, ‘Operation Seelöwe and Intensified Air Warfare against England up to October 30 1940’, in Detweiler, German Military Studies, vol. 7, p. 10.
11 Goebbels, Tagebücher, p. 429, entry for 12 December 1940.
12 FCNA, p. 172, ‘Conference with the Führer’, 8/9 January 1941.
13 Galland, First and Last, p. 45.
14 PRO AIR 16/635, Dowding to Air Ministry, 15 November 1940, p. 2.
15 PRO PREM 3/29 (3), summarized order of battle, 31 October 1940.
16 Murray, Luftwaffe, p. 54.
17 PRO AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, 26 September 1940; AIR 8/315, CAS, ‘Analysis of GAF Personnel Losses’, July–October 1940.