18–19 numbers of Americans: Despatches from United States, reel 65, Dec. 26, 1905. Frederick’s explanation a dozen years later: DF. more detailed variant: “Many Ugly Women Still Retain the Veil,” CDM, Aug. 13, 1926, 2. Berlin ties: American Consulate, Danzig, to American Embassy, Berlin: Sept. 13, 1909, CP Danzig 17, p. 25, RG 84. Frederick’s Sept. 14, 1909, passport application has a note explaining his reasons for going to Germany (Emergency Passport Applications, 1907–1910, Vol. 1, Germany, RG 59). Frederick may have had a restaurant in Berlin: “Two Jolts for Jack Johnson,” CDT, Nov. 2, 1912, 8.
20–21 Aumont’s problems: Uvarova, “Var’ete,” 106; Dmitriev, 20; Kriger, 173–74. Yar, Sudakov: Uvarova, “Yar”; Maksimov and Kokorev, 91–92, 125, 127, 195, 196, 200, 209, 211, 213. Frederick moved family: VM 1911, 571; VM 1901, 89; VM 1917, 101. racetrack: Maksimov and Kokorev, 131. airplanes: Palmer, 18. Natruskin: Maksimov and Kokorev, 91–92; Rzh, Nov. 1, 1913, 6; Nov. 15, 1913, 7–9; Dec. 1, 1913, 6–7. Ruga and Kokorev, 414. tribute to Sudakov, celebration: Maksimov and Kokorev, 194–202.
22–23 Gaisberg: Gaisberg, 34; Moore, 161; Borovsky, 546–48. Gaisberg makes some mistakes about Frederick. extravagant sprees: Maksimov and Kokorev, 223–24. Norton: Roy Norton, “Spendthrifts,” NYTr, July 6, 1913, SM 3–4, 19; quotation from p. 4. Norton makes some mistakes about Frederick.
24–25 Irma: TsIAM, f. 1476, op. 2, d. 24, ll. 5 ob.–6; Translation, Pastoral Certificate, Sts. Peter and Paul Lutheran Church, Moscow, CPI 337 (Corresp. 1921). Hedwig’s death: Report, American Consular Service, Moscow, Feb. 10, 1910, Numerical and Minor Files of the Department of State, 1906–1910, NARA Microfilm Publication M 862, roll 1152, RG 59; Interview, June 18, 2009; Frederick’s descendants did not know the real name of his first wife. Garrigues, “Abnormal Labor,” 376 ff; Wilcox, 197–206.
26–27 Valli: TsIAM, f. 1476, op. 2, d. 22, ll. 255 ob.–256; her relations with Frederick are documented extensively in DV. The spelling of her first name varies in the documents, depending on transliteration. terrorism and violence: Tuminez, 140–41.
Chapter Four
1–2 Aquarium’s reopening: As, Nov.–Dec. 1911, 5; Serpoletti, 54/56; P, July 1912, 10–12; As, May 1 [?], 1911, 11–12; As, Sept.–Oct. 1910, 18; Dmitriev. Aumont’s curse: As, June [?] 1911, no. 5, 14. As appeared irregularly; when the month is uncertain, I give it with a question mark. Martynov’s first name and patronymic: VM 1901, 273; VM 1917, 319. Tsarev was maître d’hôteclass="underline" As, July–Aug. [?] 1911, no. 15, 7. Frederick’s trip: Am, Feb. 1912, 1, 2; Am, March 1912, 2; Frederick’s passport application, 7 March 1912, DP Berlin 352, RG 84. His trip very likely resembled that of Yakov Shchukin (owner of the Hermitage Garden in Moscow, and Aquarium’s only real competitor [Uvarova, “Ermitazh,” 764–65]), described by Monakhov, 117–21. Frederick paid too much: Gamma, “Akvarium,” P, July 1912, 11–12. Duncan and Brooks: CDe, Feb. 3, 1923, 13.
3–4 Aquarium’s first season: Am, May 1912, 3, 17. journalists covering Moscow theatrical life: Am, June 1912, 2, 3; Gamma, “Akvarium,” P, July 1912, 10–12; Vt, Oct. 1, 1912, 4. other entertainment venues in Moscow: Baedeker, Russia, 273–74.
5–6 frequent visitor: Rezh, May 15, 1913, 4.
7–8 Lockhart: Lockhart, 70–72; he mistakenly refers to Frederick as “British.”
9–10 Frederick rich: Am, Sept. 1912, 5. Gamma on Frederick’s race: “Akvarium,” P, July 1912, 10–12. Chicagoans: “Two Jolts for Jack Johnson,” CDT, Nov. 2, 1912, 8.
11–12 September 1912: Am, Sept. 1912, 5. “Skating-Palace”: advertisement, P, Oct. 1912, 24. “Chanticleer” and Adeclass="underline" Serpoletti, 57/59; P, July 1912, 15; Am, Sept. 1912, 12; Tg, Feb. 9, 1914, 12; Vt, Feb. 28, 1914, 8–9. Muscovites cheered: Am, Sept. 1912, 12; As, May [?] 1912, No. 10, 16; Vt: Oct. 1, 1912, 6; Oct. 27, 1912, 5; Nov. 10, 1912, 6. “Maxim,” renovations: Am, Oct. 1912, 2; “Ob otsenke vladeniia, prinadlezhashchego sukonnoi i kozhevennoi fabriki ‘Alekseia Bakhrushina Synov’ia,’” TsIAM, f. 179, op. 62, d. 16118, l. 10; “Maksim,” 1912, TsIAM, f. 179, op. 63, d. 16142, ll. 1, 3; by mid-October interior ready: Vt, Oct. 14, 1912, 6. Duncan and Brooks: CDe, Feb. 3, 1923, 13. October 20 opening: Vt, Oct. 20, 1912, 5; Am, Oct. 1912, 2. The original Russian jingle reads “Poidu k Maksimu ia, / Tam zhdut menia druz’ia.”
13–14 complication: Vt, Oct. 14, 1912, 6. churches: 1902 and 1914 maps of Moscow. church hierarchs: e.g., Vt, April 6, 1914, 12. Moscow’s secular authorities: Mv, Sept. 11, 1913, 2. Adel’s difficulties: Rezh, Sept. 13, 1913, 7; Rzh, June 13, 1910, 395. Adrianov: Dzhunkovskii, II, 65. “someone” not named: Rezh, Sept. 13, 1913, 7; Kitchen, 89–90, reports that Frederick told him of friendly relations with several grand dukes. Maxim’s opening: Rzh, Nov. 11, 1912, 9; Am, Nov. 1912, 7. “first-class variety theater”: Am, Nov. 1912, inside front cover.
15–16 Frederick’s ads: e.g., Rzh, Nov. 25, 1912, 3. “Salon Café Harem”: Shneider, 85; Rezh, Sept. 13, 1913, 7; Tg, Sept. 29, 1913, 2. one commentator: Rezh, Sept. 13, 1913, 7; April 1, 1913, 8.
17–18 pneumonia: P, June 1912, 14. Frederick’s relations with Valli: Interviews, Nov. 8, 2006, and June 16, 18, 2009. The Thomass family’s oral history differs significantly from what can be reconstructed about Frederick’s life on the basis of published and unpublished documents. wedding: there are somewhat different dates, and Moscow is the location, in different sources: Jan. 5, 1913, TsIAM, f. 1476, op. 2, d. 22, ll. 255 ob.–256; Jan. 22, 1913, DV. photograph: Valli to Ravndal, Feb. 13, 1922, CPI 352.