19–20 moved family: the addresses were 39 Bolshoy Kozikhinsky Street: VM 1913, 575; and a building belonging to the Saint Ermolay Church, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street: Spravochnaia kniga o litsakh, 273. eight-room apartment: Sa, Feb. 15, 1915, 15; Dunn, 421; VM 1916, 361; VM 1917, 491. education in Russia: Thurston, 158, 160. foreign languages, servant beating: Interview, Nov. 8, 2006; the Thomass family history has the servant die as a result, with Frederick covering it up, which seems implausible.
21–22 Elvira: Valli to Ravndal, Feb. 13, 1922, CPI 352; Elvira to Allen, March 8, 1933, CPI 443; TT; Reynolds, 52; “In the Days of the High Commissioners,” Asia, Dec. 1923, 952; “Turkish Delight,” Outlook, Oct. 25, 1922, 329; Argus. dancer and singer: “Negro Lost Fortune in Russia,” BDG, May 14, 1926, 7; “Russian Princesses and Duchesses Earn a Living in Constantinople,” Syracuse Herald, Oct. 7, 1922, 3. Gerlach: http://www.tpa-project.info/body_index.html. American cowgirclass="underline" Vt, Dec. 25, 1913, 10. Elvira’s languages: Elvira to Allen, March 8, 1933, see above, and July 22, 1935, DPT 629; ON, June 16, 25, 1920, 4; “Spectacles et Concerts,” S, June 17, June 20, July 8, 1920, 3; Elvira’s announcement of Frederick’s death, S, June 13, 1928, 3. Frederick and Elvira’s affair: the birth of their first son in September 1914 indicates that the affair began no later than Jan. 1914: Frederick’s Passport Application, Sept. 15, 1921, DF. Frederick Jr.’s birth date: ibid.; and Dept. of State to American Consul, Istanbul, Jan. 17, 1931, DPT 430. Bruce’s birth date: given as April 12, 1915, in Frederick’s Passport Application, Sept. 15, 1921, DF, and in Dept. of State to American Consul, Istanbul, Jan. 17, 1931, above. But this must be a mistake if Frederick Jr.’s birth date is correct, because there is less than nine months’ time between them.
23 businesses with Tsarev: Rezh, May 15, 1913, 3, and June 10, 1913, 6; Tg, Sept. 29, 1913, 2. Martynov: Vt, July 1, 1913, 3; Am, Sept. 1913, 4. Theatrical Stock Company: Rezh, June 10, 1913, 6; Jan. 15, 1914, 7-8; Tg, June 1, 1914, 6–7; “Svedeniia,” RGIA, f. 1276, op. 17, d. 345, l. 135 ob.
24–25 Kitchen: Kitchen, 87–90.
26–27 music agreement, Konsky: Konsky’s pursuit of Frederick is detailed in letters that he wrote to his employer during the period 1913–1917: CADN, Fonds Saint-Pétersbourg, Série cartons et registres, Numéro d’article 538, pp. 204–7, 212, 213, 244–47, 249, 251, 279–85, 287, 302, 303, 347, 372, 378, 401, 402, 406, 407, 458.
28–29 “the most famous,” Jack Johnson: Ken Burns in his documentary film Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson (2005), quoted in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer). Johnson and the Mann Act: Langum, 179–86. Frederick’s offer: “Moscow, Russia, Offers Jack Johnson His Only Chance to Fight Again,” SFN, Oct. 30, 1912, 13; “Jack Johnson Wants to Leave City of Chicago,” DNT, Nov. 1, 1912, 1; “This Is Tough on Chicago,” Kansas City Star, Nov. 1, 1912, 5B; “Johnson Will Go to Russia,” Grand Forks (North Dakota) Daily Herald, Nov. 2, 1912, 2; “Two Jolts for Jack Johnson,” CDT, Nov. 2, 1912, 8; “Johnson’s Saloon Closed,” NYT, Nov. 2, 1912, 1; “Jack Johnson Signs for Fight in Russia,” EN (San Jose, California), Nov. 1, 1912, 5. Klegin, “in the hands of”: “Johnson Would Go to Russia,” LAT, Oct. 25, 1912, III3 (dispatch dated Oct. 23). picked up by the foreign press: e.g., “Jack Johnson Charged with Abduction,” MG, Oct. 19, 1912, 18; “Attempt to Lynch Jack Johnson,” Observer (England), Oct. 20, 1912, 9; untitled note, Le Figaro (France), Oct. 19, 1912, 1. “negro named Thomas”: “Two Jolts for Jack Johnson,” ibid.
30–31 Johnson in Russia: Johnson, 92; Mv, July 12/25, 1914, 4. It is possible that Frederick met Johnson earlier in Western Europe: Tg, March 23, 1914, 12. Johnson mistakenly refers to “George” rather than “Frederick.” In addition to Johnson’s own mistakes and exaggerations about Frederick, even more egregious ones are reported by deCoy, 180–83.
Chapter Five
1–2 aftermath of 1905 war: Riasanovsky, 472–74, 479–82; McMeekin, xvi–xviii. Sarajevo, war: Merriman, 964 ff; Riasanovsky, 464. “blood and faith”: Mv, July 16/29, 1914, 3.
3–4 Frederick’s petition: RGIA, f. 1284, op. 247, d. 26. 1914–1915. Adrianov’s note: RGIA, Departament obshchikh del (1811–1917 gg.), f. 1284, op. 247, d. 26. 1914–1915. form at heart of petition: RGIA, Sovet ministrov (1905–1917 gg.), f. 1276, op. 17, d. 345, l. 135 ob. Nicholas’s approvaclass="underline" RGIA, f. 1276 (Sovet ministrov), op. 17, d. 345, ll. 45, 46, 47, 50, 134, 135 ob.
5–6 Frederick’s passport renewaclass="underline" June 24, 1914, Emergency Passport Applications Filed at Diplomatic Posts Abroad, RG59. Thomas family history: Interviews. youngest sons recognized: State Department to Consul General, Istanbul, Sept. 17, 1935, Decimal File, 367.1115–Thomas, Bruce and Frederick/2, RG 59. Valli’s 1916 application: July 27/Aug. 9, 1916, DV.
7–8 Moscow demonstrations: Mv, July 16/29, 1914, 3. German economic ties: Raffalovich, 311. benefit evening: Rzh, Aug. 16/29, 1914, 1, 4; Tg, Aug. 17/30, 1914, 2.
9–10 Germans outside Paris: Merriman, 975–77, 986–88; Riasanovsky, 464. trainloads of prisoners: “Austria’s Heavy Losses,” Scotsman, Sept. 9, 1914, 6.
11–12 prohibition, U.S. Senate request: Kurukin and Nikulina, 224–30; Herlihy, 64–65; Johnson, Liquor, 194–95, 202–4. observers concluded that Russians embraced sobriety: “One Man’s Work Sobers Russia,” NYTr, Nov. 19, 1914, 3; “Exit Vodka,” Mg, Dec. 7, 1914, 5; “Russia Without Vodka,” Mg, March 10, 1915, 12; “Russians Sell Last Belongings for Liquor,” HC, Nov. 15, 1914, 3. Muscovites’ legal method: “The Truth About Vodka,” Bonfort’s Wine and Spirit Circular, March 25, 1915, 391. illegal stills: “Russia Without Vodka,” Mg, ibid.; “Russia Totally ‘Dry,’” WP, Jan. 2, 1915, 3.
13–14 bribing, bootlegging, drinking: Al’perov, 381–82; Maksimov and Kokorev, 237–39. Zhichkovsky: Kurukin and Nikulina, 228–30; name and patronymic are from VM 1917, 181. French champagne: Alekseev, 89. Frederick’s success: Am, Aug. 1915, 2; Ti, June 28, 1915, 463.