See especially Vtoraia i Trefia petrogradskie obsbcbegorodskie konferentsii, pp. 75, 85.
L. A. Komissarenko, aDeiatel'nost' partii bol'shevikov po ispol'zovaniiu vooruzhennykh i myrnikh form bor'by v period podgotovki i provedeniia velikoi oktiabr'skoi sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii" (Candidate dissertation, Leningrad State University, Leningrad, 1967), p. 23.
Sovokin, Rasshirennoe soveshchanie," p. 132.
Vtoraia i Tret'iapetrogradskie obsbcbegorodskie konferentsii, p. 85. An interesting analysis of this conference is contained in Komissarenko, "Deiatel'nost' partii bol'shevikov," pp. 22-23. On the Central Committee's rejection of Lenin's advice in the post-July period, see G. Sokolnikov, "Как podkhodit' к istorii oktiabria," in Za leninizma (Moscow and Leningrad, 1925), p. 165.
Vtoraia i Trefiapetrogradskie obsbcbegorodskie konferentsii, p. 84.
Ibid., pp. 144-45.
See Olminsky's comments at an expanded meeting of the Moscow Committee on July 15 in Revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie: liuVskii krizis, p. 186.
Lenin, Sochineniia, vol. 34, pp. 10-17; Sovokin, "Rasshirennoe soveshchanie," p. 134.
E. A. Fedosikhina, "Bol'shevistskie partiinye konferentsii nakanune VI s'ezda partii" (Candidate dissertation, Moscow State University, Moscow, 1969), pp. 65-67, 87, 92.
Vtoraia i Trefia petrogradskie obshchegorodski konferentsii, p. 56.
M. Ia. Latsis, "Iiul'skie dni v Petrograde: Iz dnevnika agitatora,"PR, 1923, no. 5 (17), p. 115.
Pervyi legaVnyi Peterburgskii komitet, pp. 210-14.
Izvestiia, July 16, p. 7; Latsis, "Iiul'skie dni v Petrograde," p. 116; Petro- gradskii list ok, July 19, p. 1.
Vtoraia i Trefiapetrogradskie obshchegorodskie konferentsii, pp. 64—68.
Ibid., pp. 69-70.
Ibid., pp. 70-71; 75-76.
Ibid., pp. 71-72.
Ibid., pp. 74—75.
Ibid., p. 78.
Ibid., pp. 78-88.
Ibid., p. 88; Komissarenko, "Deiatel'nost' partii bol'shevikov," pp. 41-42. Less than a week later Slutsky attempted to get the Petersburg Committee to reevaluate "the current moment." See the minutes for the Petersburg Committee meeting of July 12 in Pervyi legaVnyi Peterburgskii komitet, p. 216.
See Il'in-Zhenevskii, "Nakanune oktiabria," pp. 10-12, for personal recollections of a purge by fellow officers in his military unit.
Golos soldata, July 12, p. 4.
V. I. Nevskii, "V oktiabre," Katorga i ssylka, 1932, nos. 11-12 (96-97), p. 28; A. Minchev, "Boevye dni," KL, 1924, no. 9, p. 9. Lingering resentment toward the Military Organization on the part of district representatives frequently surfaced at meetings of the Petersburg Committee. For example, see the hostile references to the Military Organization at the Petersburg Committee meeting of August 17 in Pervyi legalnyi Peterburgskii komitet, pp. 227-29.
Vtoraia i Trefiapetrogradskie obshchegorodskie konferentsii, pp. 57-61, and Shestoi s"ezd, pp. 59-66. On this point see S. E. Rabinovich, "Bol'shevistskie voennye organizatsii v 1917 g ."PR, 1928, nos. 6-7 (77-78), pp. 187-89.
Shestoi s"ezd, p. 289; B. Shumiatskii, "Shestoi s"ezd partii i rabochii klass," in V dni velikoi proletarskoi revoliutsii: Epizody borby v Petrograde v 1911 godu (Moscow, 1937), p. 92.
Il'in-Zhenevskii, "Nakanune oktiabria," p. 7.
Ibid., p. 9.
Institut marksizma-leninizma pri TsK KPSS, Protokoly TsentraVnogo komiteta RSDRP(b): Avgust 1911-fevraV 1918 (Moscow, 1958), p. 4.
Ibid., p. 24.
Ibid., p. 20.
The All-Russian Bureau was formed at the All-Russian Conference of Bolshevik Military Organizations in June; its members were Nevsky, Podvoisky, E. F. Rozmirovich, and Lazar Kaganovich, all of whom escaped arrest in July, and Flavian Khaustov, I. Ia. Arosev, Nikolai Krylenko, Konstantin Mekhonoshin, and I. I. Dzevaltovsky, all of whom were jailed.
Protokoly TsentraVnogo komiteta, pp. 23-25.
Il'in-Zhenevskii, Ot fevralia k zakhvatu vlasti, p. 98.
Nevskii, "V oktiabre," pp. 28-30.
Ibid., p. 29.
Protokoly TsentraVnogo komiteta, pp. 22-23. Two weeks later, on the heels of the Kornilov affair, Sverdlov presented a very favorable progress report to the Central Committee on the state of the Military Organization. He declared that the Military Organization was "not an independent political organization but a military
commission under the Central Committee. Simultaneously," he went on, "the work of the Military Organization is being supervised by the Central Committee. Comrade Bubnov is working with the staff of Soldat, and [Military Organization] work in general is being supervised by Dzerzhinsky and Sverdlov." Ibid., p. 64.
Perepiska sekretariata TsK, vol. 1, p. 23.
Soldat, August 20, p. 6.
Ibid., September 13, p. 4.
Ibid., September 2, p. 4.
Ibid., September 13, p. 4.
Akademiia nauk SSSR, Institut istorii, Leningradskoe otdelenie, Raionnye sovety Petrograda v 1911 godu: Protokoly, rezoliutsii, postanovleniia obshchikh sobranii zasedanii ispolniternykh komitetov, 3 vols. (Moscow and Leningrad, 1964—1966). For worthwhile descriptions and analyses of these materials, see Theodore H. Von Laue's review essay in Kritika, vol. 4, no. 3 (Spring 1968), pp. 33-57, and Rex A. Wade, "The Raionnye Sovety of Petrograd: The Role of Local Political Bodies in the Russian Revolution," Jahrbiicher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, vol. 20 (1972), pp. 226-40.
On this point see Wade, "Raionnye Sovety," p. 240.
Raionnye sovety Petrograda, vol. 3, pp. 248-50. The fullest study of the Interdistrict Conference is M. L. Lur'e, "Petrogradskoe mezhraionnoe soveshchanie v 1917 godu," KL, 1932, no. 3 (48), pp. 13-43, and no. 4 (49), pp. 30-50.
This independence was mirrored in the action taken by the conference in response to an appeal for funds on the part of the Central Executive Committee. The Bolsheviks apparently opposed such aid while the majority socialists obviously favored it. In its resolution on the matter, the Interdistrict Conference, while endorsing donations for the Soviet's upkeep, pointedly declared that if the central Soviet organs were experiencing difficulties obtaining funds in the districts of Petrograd, it was only because of the disappointment of the Petrograd proletariat with the policies of the Central Executive Committee leadership. Until the politics of the Central Executive Committee majority were altered in a fundamental way, the district soviet representatives warned, the Central Executive Committee was bound to encounter passivity on the part of the proletariat toward all aspects of its work requiring mass support, finances included. Raionnye sovety Petrograda, vol. 3, pp. 283-84.
Ibid., p. 88.
Ibid., p. 201. District soviet documents do not include any protocols for meetings of the Porokhovsky and Obukhovsky district soviets for the period just after the July days; to judge by their behavior in June and August, one would surmise that their positions were close to those of the Okhtinsky and Rozhdest- vensky district soviets.
Ibid., vol. 1, p. 143.
Ibid., vol. 3, pp. 268-70.
Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 32-33.
Ibid., vol. 3, pp. 70-71.
Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 224-28.