Breslav, Kanun oktiabria, pp. 21-22.
Ibid., pp. 31-32.
On this point see Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie, vol. 2, p. 253.
See Podvoisky's observations in this regard in Vtoraia i Tret'ia petrogradskie obshchegorodskie konferentsii, p. 114.
V. I. Nevskii, "Dve vstrechi," KL, 1922, no. 4, pp. 142-43.
V. I. Nevskii, "Istoricheskoe zasedanie Peterburgskogo komiteta RSDRP (bol'shevikov) nakanune oktiabr'skogo vosstaniia," KL, 1922, nos. 2-3, p. 318.
Shotman writes: "I remember well that arguments at [these conferences] revolved around the central question: Should power be seized at once or put off until the convocation of the Second Congress of Soviets. . . . All three conferences came out for the seizure of power in the near future. Not a single voice was raised against this. A majority of speakers were against seizing power right away, whereupon majorities at the three conferences voted against the immediate seizure of power." Shotman, "Lenin nakanune oktiabria," p. 119.
Protokoly TsentraVnogo komiteta, pp. 86-92.
Thus, Raskolnikov, who rushed to the opening session of the congress after his release from jail the morning of the eleventh, learned of the party's decision regarding preparation of an armed uprising and was handed a copy of the Kamenev-Zinoviev memorandum immediately upon arrival at Smolny. Moments later, he was taken aside by Kamenev, who explained his reservations regarding the party's tactics and his reasons for feeling that an uprising would be an unmitigated disaster. F. F. Raskol'nikov, Kronshtadt i Piter v 1911 godu (Moscow and Leningrad,
, pp. 203-4. Similarly, Ilin-Zhenevsky of the Military Organization recalls riding with Kamenev to a political meeting on October 12; during the drive, Kamenev carefully outlined his point of view, arguing that, apart from anything else, the Military Organization itself was a long way from ready for immediate battle. Il'in-Zhenevskii, "Nakanune oktiabria," p. 25.
See Breslav's complaints about this in the Kronstadt Soviet as recorded in Izvestiia Kronshtadtskogo soveta, October 26, pp. 3-4.
Beginning October 3, Znamia truda's editors, in response to accusations that the congress was intended to circumvent the Constituent Assembly, added the phrase, "Prepare for the Constituent Assembly."
From a speech delivered by Kamkov at the First All-Russian Congress of Left SRs in late November 1917; see Protokoly pervago s"ezda partii levykh sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov (internatsionalistov) (Moscow, 1918), pp. 38-39.
Breslav, Kanun oktiabria, pp. 68-69.
V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko, "Baltflot v dni kerenshchiny i krasnogo oktiabria," PR, 1922, no. 10, p. 122.
On this point see Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie, vol. 2, p. 253.
K. Riabinskii, Revoliutsiia 1911 goda: Khronib sobytii, vol. 5 (Moscow,
, pp. 88-89Izvestiia, October 15, p. 3.
P. V. Volobuev, "Iz istorii bor'by Vremennogo pravitel'stva s revoliutsiei," Istoricheskii arkhiv, 1960, no. 5, pp. 83-85.
Ibid., p. 84. For follow-up directives from Polkovnikov's staff to military units in and around Petrograd, see Akademiia nauk SSSR, Institut istorii, et al., Velikaia oktiabr'skaia sotsialisticheskaia revoliutsiia: Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie v Petrograde: Dokumenty i materialy, ed. G. N. Golikov, et al. (Moscow, 1957), pp. 263-74.
Birzhevye vedomosti, October 14, evening edition, p. 2.
Pervyi legal" nyi Peterburgskii komitet, pp. 307-19; Protokoly TsentraTnogo komiteta, pp. 93-105.
These are Nevsky's figures; they do not seem exaggerated. Nevskii, "Is- toricheskoe zasedanie Peterburgskogo komiteta RSDRP (bol'shevikov) nakanune oktiabr'skogo vosstaniia," p. 38.
Sverdlova, Iakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, p. 287.
Shotman, "Lenin nakanune oktiabria," p. 121.
E. A. Alekseeva, "Na vsiu zhizn'," in Petrograd v dni velikogo oktiabria, pp. 270-82.
Protokoly TsentraTnogo komiteta, p. 94; Shotman, "Lenin nakanune oktiabria," p. 122.
Shotman, "Lenin nakanune oktiabria," p. 122.
On this point, see the comments of A. L. Sidorov in Lenin i oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie v Retrograde, pp. 109-10.
Protokoly Tsentral'nogo komiteta, p. 105.
See Lenin's letters in this regard to the party at large and to the Central Committee, dated October 18 and 19 respectively. Lenin, PSS, vol. 34, pp. 419-27.
Protokoly Tsentral'nogo komiteta, pp. 106-7.
S. I. Avvakumov, "Bor'ba Petrogradskikh bol'shevikov za osushchestvlenie leninskogo plana oktiabr'skogo vosstaniia," in Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie v Pet- rograde, pp. 54-56; Sverdlova, Iakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, pp. 289-91.
13 • The Garrison Crisis and the Military Revolutionary Committee
The Military Organization's tactical orientation is reflected clearly in issues of Soldat at this time.
For Trotsky's later assessment of the crucial significance of not seizing power independently of the Petrograd Soviet and of timing an uprising to coincide with the deliberations of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, see L. D. Trotsky, Lenin (New York, 1971), pp. 92-93.
For a detailed analysis of this novel and complex operation, see Fon Chishvits, Zakhvat baltiiskikh ostrov germaniei v 1911 g. (Moscow, 1937).
S. S. Khesin, Oktiabr'skaia revoliusiia i flot (Moscow, 1971), pp. 414-15.
Izvestiia, October 1, p. 1.
Khesin, Oktiabr'skaia revoliutsiia i flot, pp. 411-12.
Soldat, October 15, p. 1.
Riabinskii, Khronika sobytii, vol. 5, p. 67; Gazeta kopeika, October 12, p. 1; October 13, p. 2.
Voitinskii, "Gody pobed i porazhenii, 1917 god," pp. 319-22.
Ibid.; Woytinsky, Stormy Passage, p. 367.
O. N. Chaadaeva, "Soldatskie massy petrogradskogo garnizona v pod- gotovke i provedenii oktiabr'skogo vooruzhennogo vosstaniia," Istoricheskie zapiski 1955, no. 51, p. 14.
Riabinskii, Khronika sobytii, vol. 5, p. 111.
Soldat, October 14, p. 4. For similar resolutions, see Riabinskii, Khronika sobytii, vol. 5, pp. 53-73 passim; Drezen, Bol'shevizatsiia petrogradskogo garnizona, pp.
297-302; Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie v Petrograde: Dokumenty i materialy, pp. 155-68, 217-19.
A protocol of this meeting is contained in A. K. Drezen, Baltiiskii flot v oktiabr'skoi revoliutsii igrazhdanskoi voine (Moscow and Leningrad, 1932), pp. 6-8.
Riabinskii, Khronika sobytii, vol. 5, p. 90; "Vospominaniia ob oktiabr'skom perevorote,"PR, 1922, no. 10, pp. 44-93.
Golos soldata, October 19, p. 1.
Voitinskii, "Gody pobed i porazhenii," pp. 320-21, 324.
Izvestiia, October 18, p. 4.
Ibid., October 17, pp. 5-6. The delegation was to consist of twenty-five representatives of the new Soviet majority and fifteen garrison representatives.
Voitinskii, "Gody pobed i porazhenii," pp. 322-24; Rabochii i soldat, October 22, pp. 2-3.