Flerovskii, "Kronshtadt v oktiabr'skoi revoliutsii," pp. 141-42.
Tarasov-Rodionov, "Pervaia operatsiia," p. 13.
Erykalov, Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie v Petrograde, pp. 445-46; V. M. Molotov, "Smolnyi i zimnii,"Pravda, November 7, 1924, p. 9.
Erykalov, Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie v Petrograde, pp. 450-51.
Rech', October 26, p. 3; Milchik, "Petrogradskaia tsentral'naia gorodskaia duma v fevrale-oktiabre 1917 goda," p. 202.
Bubnov, "Lenin v oktiabr'skie dni," Bakinskii rabochii, November 7, 1927,
P. 3.
"Vospominaniia ob oktiabr'skom perevorote," PR, 1922, no. 10, p. 79.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, p. 33.
Reed, Ten Days That Shook the World, p. 124.
Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie, vol. 2, p. 353. Figures published in the press on the total size and composition of the congress vary somewhat; those cited here appeared in Pravda on October 29.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, pp. 144-53; A. F. Butenko and D. A. Chugaev, eds., Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov rabochikh i soldatskikh deputatov: Sbornik dokumentov (Moscow, 1957), pp. 386-98.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, pp. 2-3, 33.
Ibid., pp. 4, 34-35; Sukhanov, Zapiski 0 revoliutsii, vol. 7, p. 199; Delo naroda, October 27, p. 2.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, pp. 34-35.
Ibid., pp. 37-38; Sukhanov, Zapiski 0 revoliutsii, vol. 7, p. 200.
Sukhanov, Zapiski 0 revoliutsii, vol. 7, pp. 219-20; on this point see Leonard Schapiro, Origins of the Communist Autocracy (New York, 1965), pp. 66-68.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, pp. 38-39.
Ibid., pp. 41-42.
Ibid., pp. 43-44.
Protokoly pervago s"ezda partii levykh sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov (inter- natsionalistov), pp. 41-43.
Delo naroda, October 27, p. 2.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, pp. 45-46.
Rech\ October 26, p. 3; see also Izvestiia, October 26, p. 6.
Reed, Ten Days That Shook the World, pp. 136-37; See also Sukhanov, Zapiski 0 revoliutsii, vol. 7, p. 208.
Maliantovich, "V zimnem dvortse," p. 129.
Antonov-Ovseenko, "Oktiabr'skaia buria," p. 104.
Erykalov, Oktiabrskoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie v Petrograde, p. 456.
Maliantovich, "V zimnem dvortse," pp. 129.
Ibid., p. 130.
"Rasskaz K. A. Gvozdeva ob ego areste," and "Rasskaz A. M. Kishkina," in Rabochaia gazeta, October 28, p. 2.
I. Kolbin, "Storming the Winter Palace," in Petrograd 1911, p. 321.
Antonov-Ovseenko, "Oktiabr'skaia buria," p. 104.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, pp. 47-50.
Ibid., p. 52.
Vtoroi vserossiiskii s"ezd sovetov, pp. 53-54; translation from Browder and Kerensky, The Russian Provisional Government, vol. 3, pp. 1797-98.
16 • Epilogue
A. L. Fraiman, Forpost sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii (Leningrad, 1969), p. 19; I. S. Lutovinov, Likvidatsiia miatezha Kerenskogo-Krasnova (Moscow and Leningrad, 1965), p. 7.
Oktiabrskoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie, vol. 2, p. 376.
The Left SRs were invited to joint the governmemt but refused, believing that by remaining outside they would be able to mediate between the Bolsheviks and their adversaries in the interest of forming a broad socialist government.
Izvestiia, October 28, p. 2. The elections took place as promised on November 12-14. The Bolsheviks, while triumphant in Petrograd, ran second to the SRs in the balloting throughout the country and even with the Left SRs did not have a majority. The Constituent Assembly opened in Petrograd on January 5, 1918, but the deputies refused to endorse the changes brought about by the October revolution and were forcibly dispersed after just one session.
Novaia zhizn', October 30, p. 3; Melgunov, The Bolshevik Seizure of Power, pp. 141-42.
I. N. Liubimov, Revoliutsiia 1911 goda: Khronika sobytii (Moscow, 1930), vol. 6, pp. 436-37; Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie, vol. 2, p. 403.
Liubimov, Khronika sobytii, vol. 6, pp. 436-37; Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie, vol. 2, pp. 403-5.
Daniels, Red October, p. 206.
Izvestiia, November 3, p. 5; for Kerensky's version of these events see Russia and History's Turning Point, pp. 443-46.
Oktiabr'skoe vooruzhennoe vosstanie, vol. 2, p. 406.
The moderate socialists demanded, among other things, that key ministerial posts be held by non-Bolsheviks, that no single party have a majority in the government, that ministers enter the government as individuals rather than as representatives of their respective parties, and that the government be responsible not to the Central Executive Committee but to a broader representative assembly constructed along the lines of the Democratic State Conference, in which the likelihood of a Bolshevik majority would be minimal.
Novaia zhizn', November 3, p. 2.
Protokoly Tsentral'nogo komiteta, p. 130.
The government's adoption of stricter press controls at this time strengthened the resolve of the moderates to continue the fight for a more broadly representative government. Such limitations of freedom appeared to them the inevitable consequence of rule by the Bolsheviks alone.
Protokoly Tsentral'nogo komiteta, pp. 133-34.
Gusev, Krakh partii levykh eserov, pp. 107-8.
See Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution, pp. 66-106, for a valuable analysis of the impact of the civil war on Soviet politics and society.
Selected Bibliography
1 • Chronologies
Akhun, M. I., and Petrov, V. A. 1911 god v Petrograde: Khronika sobytii i bibliografiia. Leningrad: Lenpartizdat, 1933.
Anikeev, V. V. Deiatel'nost' TsK RSDRP(b) v 1911 godu: Khronib sobytii. Moscow: Mysl', 1969.
Avdeev, N. Revoliutsiia 1911 goda: Khronika sobytii. Vol. 1, lanvar-apreV. Vol. 2, Aprel'^mai. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1923.
Institut istorii partii pri Leningradskom obkome KPSS. Bol'sheviki Petrograda v 1911 godu: Khronika sobytii. Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1957.
Institut marksizma-leninizma pri TsK KPSS. Vladimir Il'ich Lenin: Biograficheskaia khronib, 1810-1924. Vol. 4, Mart-oktiabr' 1911, edited by G. N. Golikov, et al. Moscow: Politizdat, 1973.
. Lenin v 1911 godu: Daty zhizni i deiatel'nosti. Moscow: Politizdat, 1957.
Konstantinov, A. P. Bol'sheviki Petrograda v 1911 godu: Khronika sobytii. Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1957.
Liubimov, I. N. Revoliutsiia 1911 goda: Khronika sobytii. Vol. 6, Oktiabr'-dekabr'. Moscow: Gosizdat, 1930.