29
A. Slade, Turkey and the Crimean War: A Narrative of Historical Events (London, 1867), p. 186; E. Perret, Les Français en Orient: Récits de Crimée 1854–1856 (Paris, 1889), pp. 86–7.
30
T. Buzzard, With the Turkish Army in the Crimea and Asia Minor (London, 1915), p. 121; J. Reid, Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839–1878 (Stuttgart, 2000), p. 257.
31
RGVIA, f. 450, op. 1, d. 33, ll. 4–12; A Visit to Sebastopol a Week after Its Falclass="underline" By an Officer of the Anglo-Turkish Contingent (London, 1856), p. 53; Vospominaniia ofitsera o voennyh deistviyah na Dunae v 1853–54 gg.: Iz dnevnika P.B. (St Petersburg, 1887), p. 566.
32
M. Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen: A Political Biography (London, 1983), p. 476; FO 65/421, Palmerston to Seymour, 16 July 1853; Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches, vol. 1, p. 400.
33
R. Florescu, The Struggle against Russia in the Romanian Principalities 1821–1854 (Monachii, 1962), pp. 241–6.
34
FO 65/422, Palmerston to Seymour, 2 Aug. 1853.
35
Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches, vol. 1, pp. 400–404.
36
Goldfrank, Origins of the Crimean War, pp. 190–213.
37
The Greville Memoirs 1814–1860, ed. L. Strachey and R. Fulford, 8 vols. (London, 1938), vol. 1, p. 85.
38
H. Maxwell, The Life and Letters of George William Frederick, Fourth Earl of Clarendon, 2 vols. (London, 1913), vol. 2, p. 25.
39
Slade, Turkey and the Crimean War, pp. 101–2, 107; Saab, Origins of the Crimean Alliance, p. 64; Cunningham, Eastern Questions, pp. 198–9.
40
Saab, Origins of the Crimean Alliance, p. 81; Badem, ‘The Ottomans and the Crimean War’, pp. 80, 90.
41
The Times, 27 Sept. 1853; Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches, vol. 1, pp. 562–3.
42
A. Türkgeldi, Mesâil-i Mühimme-i Siyâsiyye, 3 vols. (Ankara, 1957–60), vol. 1, pp. 319–21; Badem, ‘The Ottomans and the Crimean War’, p. 93.
CHAPTER 5. PHONEY WAR
1
BOA, HR, SYS, 907/5.
2
BOA, HR, SYS, 903/2–26.
3
RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5429, ll. 11–17; ‘Vospominaniia A. A. Genritsi’, Russkaia starina, 20 (1877), p. 313.
4
‘Vostochnaia voina: Pis’ma kn. I. F. Paskevicha k kn. M. D. Gorchakovu’, Russkaia starina, 15 (1876), pp. 163–91, 659–74 (quotation, p. 182); E. Tarle, Krymskaia voina, 2 vols. (Moscow, 1944), vol. 1, pp. 216–18.
5
‘Voina s Turtsiei 1828–1829 i 1853–1854’, Russkaia starina, 16 (1876), pp. 700–701; S. Nikitin, ‘Russkaia politika na Balkanakh i nachalo vostochnoi voiny’, Voprosy istorii, 4 (1946), pp. 3–29.
6
A. Zaionchkovskii, Vostochnaia voina 1853–1856, 3 vols. (St Petersburg, 2002), vol. 2, pp. 523–4; ‘Voina s Turtsiei 1828–1829 i 1853–1854’, p. 708.
7
Zaionchkovskii, Vostochnaia voina, vol. 1, pp. 321–2, 564.
8
‘Voina s Turtsiei 1854 g.’, Russkaia starina, 18 (1877), p. 141; Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches in Turkey, 2 vols. (London, 1854–6), vol. 1, pp. 415–18; RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5417, l. 7.
9
RGIA, f. 711, op. 1, d. 35, ll. 1–3; A. Tiutcheva, Pri dvore dvukh imperatov: Vospominaniia, dnevnik, 1853–1882 (Moscow, 1928–9), pp. 129–30, 146–8, 162–3.
10
Zaionchkovskii, Vostochnaia voina, vol. 1, pp. 702–8.
11
Ibid., pp. 559–61.
12
L. Vyskochkov, Imperator Nikolai I: chelovek i gosudar’ (St Petersburg, 2001), pp. 296–7.
13
Zaionchkovskii, Vostochnaia voina, vol. 1, p. 535.
14
‘Vostochnaia voina: Pis′ma kn. I. F. Paskevicha k kn. M. D. Gorchakovu’, p. 190.
15
M. Pinson, ‘Ottoman Bulgaria in the First Tanzimat Period–the Revolts in Nish (1841) and Vidin (1850)’, Middle Eastern Studies, 11/2 (May 1975), pp. 103–46; H. Inalcik, Tanzimat ve Bulgar Meselesi (Ankara, 1943), pp. 69–71; ‘Vospominaniia o voine na Dunae v 1853 i 1854 gg.’, Voennyi sbornik, 14/8 (1880), p. 420; Rossiia i Balkany: Iz istorii obshchestvenno-politicheskikh i kul’turnykh sviazei (xviii veka–1878 g.) (Moscow, 1995), pp. 180–82.
16
FO 195/439, Grant to Clarendon, 11 Jan. 1854; FO 78/1014, Grant to Clarendon, 9 Jan. 1854; Vospominaniia ofitsera o voennyh deistviyah na Dunae v 1853–54 gg.: Iz dnevnika P.B. (St Petersburg, 1887), pp. 531, 535, 543; ‘Vospominaniia A. A. Genritsi’, p. 313; A. Ulupian, ‘Russkaia periodicheskaia pechat′ vremen krymskoi voiny 1853–56 gg. o Bolgarii i bolgarakh’, in Rossiia i Balkany, pp. 182–3; A. Rachinskii, Pokhodnye pis’ma opolchentsa iz iuzhnoi Bessarabii 1855–1856 (Moscow, 1858), pp. 8–11.
17
Vospominaniia ofitsera o voennyh deistviyah na Dunae, pp. 585–9; A. Baumgarten, Dnevniki 1849, 1853, 1854 i 1855 (n.p., 1911), pp. 82–7.
18
FO 78/1008, Fonblanque (consul in Belgrade) to Stratford Canning, 31 Dec. 1853, 11, 17, 24 and 26 Jan. 1854.
19
L. Guerrin, Histoire de la dernière guerre de Russie (1853–1856), 2 vols. (Paris, 1858), vol. 1, p. 63; J. Koliopoulos, ‘Brigandage and Insurgency in the Greek Domains of the Ottoman Empire, 1853–1908’, in D. Gondicas and C. Issawi (eds.), Ottoman Greeks in the Age of Nationalism: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Nineteenth Century (Princeton, 1999), pp. 147–8.
20
Shamil’–stavlennik sultanskoi Turtsii i angliiskikh kolonizatorov: Sbornik dokumental’nykh materialov (Tbilisi, 1953), p. 367; ‘Voina s Turtsiei 1828–1829 i 1853–1854’, p. 696.
21
E. Adamov and L. Kutakov, ‘Iz istorii proiskov inostrannoy agentury vo vremya Kavkazskikh voyn’, Voprosy istorii, 11 (Nov. 1950), pp. 101–25.
22
M. Gammer, ‘Shamil and the Ottomans: A Preliminary Overview’, in V. Milletlerarasi Türkiye Sosyal ve Iktisat Tarihi Kongresi: Tebligler. Istanbul 21–25 Agustos 1989 (Ankara, 1990), pp. 387–94; M. Budak, ‘1853–1856 Kirim Harbi Baslarinda Dogu Anadolu-Kafkas Cephesi ve Seyh Samil’, Kafkas Arastirmalari, 1 (1988), pp. 132–3; Tarle, Krymskaia voina, vol. 1, p. 294.
23
B. Lewis, ‘Slade on the Turkish Navy’, Journal of Turkish Studies/Türklük Bilgisi Ara
24
FO 195/309, Slade to Stratford Canning, 7 Dec. 1853.
25
A. Slade, Turkey and the Crimean War: A Narrative of Historical Events (London, 1867), p. 152.
26
BOA, HR, SYS, 1346/38; S. Lane-Poole, The Life of the Right Honourable Stratford Canning, 2 vols. (London, 1888), vol. 2, pp. 333–5; Correspondence Respecting the Rights and Privileges of the Latin and Greek Churches, vol. 1, p. 814.