44
NAM 1968–07–264–1 (‘The 95th Regiment at Inkerman’).
45
Ibid.
46
Andriianov, Inkermanskii boi, p. 20.
47
P. Alabin, Chetyre voiny: Pokhodnye zapiski v voinu 1853, 1854, 1855 i 1856 godov, 2 vols. (Viatka, 1861), vol. 2, pp. 74–5; Dubrovin, Istoriia krymskoi voiny, vol. 2, pp. 203–5.
48
Spilsbury, Thin Red Line, pp. 211–12.
49
G. Higginson, Seventy-One Years of a Guardsman’s Life (London, 1916), pp. 197–8; Kinglake, Invasion of the Crimea, vol. 5, pp. 221–57.
50
R. Hodasevich, A Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopoclass="underline" A Narrative of the Campaign in the Crimea and the Events of the Siege (London, 1856), pp. 190–8; Seaton, The Crimean War, p. 169.
51
L. Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave: Campagnes de Crimée et d’Italie (Paris, 1869), p. 278.
52
J. Cler, Reminiscences of an Officer of Zouaves (New York, 1860), p. 211; Historique de 2e Régiment de Zouaves 1830–1887 (Oran, 1887), pp. 66–7.
53
Spilsbury, Thin Red Line, p. 214.
54
Higginson, Seventy-One Years, p. 200; Spilsbury, Thin Red Line, p. 232.
55
Seaton, The Crimean War, pp. 175–6.
56
M. O. Cullet, Un régiment de ligne pendant la guerre d’orient: Notes et souvenirs d’un officier d’infanterie 1854–1855–1856 (Lyon, 1894), p. 112.
57
Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave, pp. 281–3.
58
Woods, The Past Campaign, vol. 2, pp. 143–4; Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave, p. 278; Cler, Reminiscences, p. 216; A. de Damas, Souvenirs religieux et militaires de la Crimée (Paris, 1857), p. 70.
59
RA VIC/MAIN/F/1/38.
60
Cler, Reminiscences, pp. 219–20.
61
RA VIC/MAIN/F/1/36 (Colonel E. Birch Reynardson to Colonel Phipps, Sebastopol, 7 Nov.); H. Drummond, Letters from the Crimea (London, 1855), p. 75; A Knouting for the Czar! Being Some Words on the Battles of Inkerman, Balaklava and Alma by a Soldier (London, 1855), pp. 5–9.
62
RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5634, ll. 1–18; Bazancourt, The Crimean Expedition , pp. 116–17; Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave, pp. 278–9; Kinglake, Invasion of the Crimea, vol. 5, pp. 324, 460–63.
63
FO 78/1040, Rose to Clarendon, 7 Nov. 1854.
64
Small, The Crimean War, p. 209.
65
NAM 1984–09–31–63 (Letter, 7 Nov. 1854); Vospominaniia ob odnom iz doblestnykh zashchitnikov Sevastopolia, pp. 11, 15; RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5629, 1. 7; d. 5687, 1. 1; Dubrovin, Istoriia krymskoi voiny, vol. 2, p. 384.
66
RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5450, ll. 34–42; d. 5452, ch. 2, ll. 16–18; Dubrovin, Istoriia krymskoi voiny, vol. 2, pp. 272–3; Tiutcheva, Pri dvore dvukh imperatov, p. 165.
67
Tolstoy’s Diaries, vol. 1: 1847–1894, ed. and trans. R. F. Christian (London, 1985), p. 95.
68
H. Troyat, Tolstoy (London, 1970), pp. 161–2.
69
Tolstoy’s Letters, vol. 1, p. 45; A. Opul’skii, L. N. Tolstoi v krymu: Literaturno-kraevedcheskii ocherk (Simferopol, 1960), pp. 27–30.
70
Troyat, Tolstoy, p. 162.
71
Tolstoy’s Letters, vol. 1, pp. 44–5.
CHAPTER 9 . GENERALS JANUARY AND FEBRUARY
1
NAM 1988–06–29–1 (Letter, 17 Nov. 1854).
2
Mrs Duberly’s War: Journal and Letters from the Crimea, ed. C. Kelly (Oxford, 2007), pp. 102–3; NAM 1968–07–288 (Cambridge to Raglan, 15 Nov. 1854).
3
Ia. Rebrov, Pis’ma sevastopol’tsa (Novocherkassk, 1876), p. 26.
4
Lettres d’un soldat à sa mère de 1849 à 1870: Afrique, Crimée, Italie, Mexique (Montbéliard, 1910), p. 66; L. Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave: Campagnes de Crimée et d’Italie (Paris, 1869), p. 288; V. Bonham-Carter (ed.), Surgeon in the Crimea: The Experiences of George Lawson Recorded in Letters to His Family (London, 1968), p. 104.
5
WO 28/162, ‘Letters and Papers Relating to the Administration of the Cavalry Division’.
6
NAM 1982–12–29–23 (Letter, 22 Nov. 1854); D. Boulger (ed.), General Gordon’s Letters from the Crimea, the Danube and Armenia (London, 1884), p. 14; K. Vitzthum von Eckstadt, St Petersburg and London in the Years 1852–64, 2 vols. (London, 1887), vol. 1, p. 143.
7
J. Herbé, Français et russes en Crimée: Lettres d’un officier français à sa famille pendant la campagne d’Orient (Paris, 1892), p. 144.
8
J. Baudens, La Guerre de Crimée: Les campements, les abris, les ambulances, les hôpitaux, etc. (Paris, 1858), pp. 63–6; Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave, p. 248.
9
Herbé, Français et russes en Crimée, p. 151; Mrs Duberly’s War, pp. 110–11.
10
NAM 1968–07–270 (‘Letters from the Crimea Written during the Years 1854, 55 and 56 by a Staff Officer Who Was There’), pp. 188–9.
11
I. G. Douglas and G. Ramsay (eds.), The Panmure Papers, Being a Selection from the Correspondence of Fox Maule, 2nd Baron Panmure, afterwards 11th Earl of Dalhousie, 2 vols. (London, 1908), vol. 1, pp. 151–2; B. Gooch, The New Bonapartist Generals in the Crimean War (The Hague, 1959), pp. 159–60.
12
C. Mismer, Souvenirs d’un dragon de l’armée de Crimée (Paris, 1887), pp. 59–60, 96–7.
13
Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave, p. 291; Herbé, Français et russes en Crimée, pp. 225–6.
14
Mrs Duberly’s War, p. 118.
15
Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave, p. 288; H. Rappaport, No Place for Ladies: The Untold Story of Women in the Crimean War (London, 2007), p. 38; Bonham-Carter, Surgeon in the Crimea, p. 65.
16
NAM 1996–05–4–19 (Pine letter, 8 Jan. 1855); Mismer, Souvenirs d’un dragon, pp. 124–5; NAM 1996–05–4 (Letter, 8 Jan. 1855).
17
NAM 1984–09–31–79 (4 Feb. 1855); NAM 1976–08–32 (Hagger letter, 1 Dec. 1854); G. Bell, Rough Notes by an Old Soldier: During Fifty Years’ Service, from Ensign G.B. to Major-General, C.B., 2 vols. (London, 1867), vol. 2, pp. 232–3.
18
K. Chesney, Crimean War Reader (London, 1960), p. 154; Herbé, Français et russes en Crimée, p. 343.
19
Baudens, La Guerre de Crimée, pp. 101–3; J. Shepherd, The Crimean Doctors: A History of the British Medical Services in the Crimean War, 2 vols. (Liverpool, 1991), vol. 1, pp. 135–6, 237; Health of the Army in Turkey and Crimea: Paper, being a medical and surgical history of the British army which served in Turkey and the Crimea during the Russian war, Parliamentary Papers 1857–8, vol. 38, part 2, p. 465.