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Ermak Timofeevich, the sixteenth-century Cossack leader and folk hero who began the exploration and military conquest of Siberia.

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Including the character of Vronsky at the end of Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina.

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It has since been shown that the metal in fact came from antique Chinese guns (J. Glanfield, Bravest of the Brave: The Story of the Victoria Cross (London, 2005)).

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The Rumiantsev Library and Museum, opened in Moscow in 1862, was not a public collection in this sense. It was donated to the public by a single nobleman.

Copyright © 2010 by Orlando Figes

All rights reserved.

Metropolitan Books

Henry Holt and Company, LLC

Publishers since 1866

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New York, New York 10010

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Metropolitan Books® and ® are registered trademarks of Henry Holt and Company, LLC.

Published simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Penguin Books, London, as Crimea.

eISBN 9781429997249

First eBook Edition : April 2011

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Figes, Orlando.

The Crimean War : a history / Orlando Figes.—1st ed.

p. cm.

“Published simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Penguin Books, London”—T.p. verso.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8050-7460-4

1. Crimean War, 1853 – 1856. I. Title.

DK214.F53 2010

947’.0738—dc22

2010023152

ISBN: 978-0-8050-7460-4

Henry Holt books are available for special promotions and premiums. For details contact: Director, Special Markets.

First Edition 2010