Gobel, Jean Baptiste, Archbishop of Paris (1727–94), 232, 244
Goethe, 179
Goodwin, A., 40
Great Fear, 93
Gredeler, Marie, 174
Grégoire, Henri, Abbé, 49, 111, 312
Guadet, Marguerite Élie (1758–94), 136, 196, 312
Guiana, transportation to, 146, 274, 297, 298
Guillotin, Joseph Ignace (1738–1814), 59, 187–8, 312
Hampson, Norman, 34–5
Hanriot, François (1759–94), appearance and personality, 198; commands National Guard, 198, 199; and overthrow of Girondins, 200–201; and Robespierre, 254; and protest against arrest of Robespierrists, 263–4; surrounds Convention, 264; flung from window, 266; execution, 267, 268
Hazlitt, William (1778–1830), 226
Hébert, Jacques René (1757–94), 141; personality and history, 140; urges attack on prisoners, 169; Girondins order arrest of, 198; free, 198; and Hébertists, 215; and trial of Girondin leaders, 222; and de-Christianization campaign, 231; and Danton, 234; attacks Dantonists, 235; execution of, 235; execution of his widow, 244
Hébertists, harass Committee of Public Safety, 215; encourage invasion of Convention, 216–17; Danton attacks, 235; and Robespierre, 235; arrest and execution of, 236; and Gobel, 244; released from prison, 271
Hérault de Séchelles, Marie, 200–201, 243, 244
Herman, Nicolas-François, 241, 242, 272, 312
Hoche, Lazare (1768–97), 281, 296, 312
Hood, Samuel, Viscount, 203
Hôtel de Ville, Paris, Electors organize militia, 64; Permanent Committee deals with subversion, 69, 77; Hulin harangues mob, 78; atmosphere of congratulation, 88; Louis XVI welcomed in, 90–91; violence outside, 92; market women, 97; Lafayette and National Guard, 100; and Champ de Mars massacre, 135; delegates of sections, 154; Swiss guards massacred 161; Robespierre in, 264, 265
Hulin, Pierre, 78–9, 80, 81
Humbert, Jean-Baptiste, 70–71, 80–81
incroyables, 273–4
Indulgents, 235, 236, 238
Insurrectionary Committee, 198, 199, 200, 211
Insurrectionary Commune, 154, 161, 162, 168
Invalides, 69–70
Isnard, Maximin (1758–1825), 139, 198, 312
Italy, 286, 295, 296, 299
Jacobins, influence on radical opinion, 110; decline of, 135; anxious to avoid war, 142; and Girondins, 146, 198, 199; and dethronement of King, 154; Department of Paris opposed to, 156; elected to National Convention, 180; become known as Montagnards (q.v.), 181; and September Massacres, 181; and control of corn prices, 198; problems after coup d’état against Girondins, 201–2; and Robespierre, 209, 210, 261; attack Roux, 212; and Hébert, 215; propose Terreur, 217; Vadier, 236; actors denounced by, 255; Fouché, 259; closure of Jacobin Club, 272; and Directory, 293, 298; and Babeuf’s conspiracy, 294; newspapers reappear, 299; public feeling against, 300; Bonaparte, 301; false rumour of plot by, 302
jeunesse dorée, 271–2, 275, 279
Johnson, Samuel (1709–84), 24
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1741–90), 22, 118, 143
Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, later Count Jourdan, 257, 300, 301, 312
Jourdan, Nicholas, 101
journées, storming of Bastille, 75–80; march of women to Versailles, 97–105; Champ de Mars massacre, 134–5; storming of Tuileries, 155–61; overthrow of Girondins, 198–201; attempted coup by Hébertists, 216; of 9 Thermidor, 263–8; of 12 Germinal, 274; of 1 Prairial, 278–9; of Vendémiaire, 284–8
Junot, Laure, 280, 285
Lafayette, Marie Joseph du Motier, Marquis de (1757–1834), appearance and personality, 43; elected to Estates General, 45; reads King’s speech, 88; commander of National Guard, 88, 100; and Noailles, 94; at Versailles, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104; back to Paris with royal family, 104; at Fête de la Fédération, 113–14; confronts mob at Tuileries, 118; and flight to Varennes, 124, 126; and the King, 130, 151; and Champs de Mars massacre, 135; hopes to restore order, 145; condemns invasion of Tuileries, 150; and the Queen, 151; attitude of Left to, 151; Danton attacks, 168; defects to Austria, 168; later life, 312–13
Lally-Tollendal, Thomas-Arthur, Marquis de, 94, 109, 112, 313
Lamartine, Alphonse de, 223
Lamballe, Marie Thérèse de Savoie-Carignan, Princesse de (1749–92), 22, 23, 175–6, 183
Lameth, Alexandre, Comte de (1760–1829), 142, 313
Lameth, Théodore (1756–1854), 142, 181, 313
Lamoignon, Chrétien de (1735–89), 39, 40, 313
Langres, Bishop of, 99
Lanjuinais, Jean Denis, Comte de, 199–200, 313
La Revellière-Lépeaux, Louis-Marie de (1753–1824), 291, 294–5, 316
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François-Alexandre, Duc de, 42, 49, 87, 313
La Tour du Pin, Comtesse de, on Louis XVI, 20, 51; on Necker’s speech, 52; on Marie Antoinette, 52; on Mirabeau, 57; and anglomania, 58, later life, 313
Launay, Bernard René, Marquis de, 78; personality, 72–3, 74; preparations for attack, 74; meets delegation of Electors, 74; and Thuriot, 74–5; second bout of musketry fire, 78; decides to surrender, 79; opens gates, 80; death, 81; decapitation, 82
Le Bon, Joseph (1765–95), 228, 272
Lefebvre, Georges, 33–4
Legendre, Louis (1752–97), background and personality, 147; and invasion of Tuileries, 149; and Danton’s arrest, 239; and journée of 12 Germinal, 274; and bread riots, 277; and journée of 1 Prairial, 278; death of, 313
Legislative Assembly, attitude to monarchy, 136; Girondins, 136; attitude to war, 137; and émigrés, 138; concerned about counter-revolution, 145–6; and citizens’ demonstration, 148; declares state of emergency, 151; and dethronement of King, 154; King seeks protection of, 156, 158; sans-culottes force way into, 159
Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, Louis-Michel, 216–17, 232
Letourneur, Étienne-François, 291, 297, 313
Lindet, Robert (1749–1825), 238, 271, 280, 299, 313
Lindet, Thomas, 110, 313
Linguet, Simon, 71, 313
Louis the Dauphin, father of Louis XVI (d. 1765), 21
Louis XIV, King (1638–1715), 28, 31
Louis XV, King (1710–74), 19, 20, 25, 28
Louis XVI, King (1754–93), succeeds to throne, 19; personality, 19, 23–4, 29, 49, 129, 205; appearance, 19–20, 51, 155; wedding, 20, 21; attitude to women, 21; sex, 21–2, 23; birth of his children, 23; domestic routine, 24–5; and his wife, 25, 27, 35; affairs of state, 27, 39; Turgot annoys, 35; and Necker, 36, 40, 44, 88–9; and Calonne, 39; and Estates General, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 59, 60, 61–2; death of his eldest son, 54, 61; lettres de cachet, 61; and revolt of Third Estate, 62–3; orders military reinforcements, 63, 64; and fall of Bastille, 87; and National Assembly, 87; dissatisfaction over his promises, 88; tricolour in his hat, 90; popularity, 90–91; withholds consent to National Assembly decrees, 95; banquet for arrival of Flanders Regiment, 95, 96; and market-women’s bread riot, 98, 99, 100; advised to flee from Versailles, 98, 100; Lafayette reassures, 101; and the Dauphin, 102, 129; appears on balcony, 103, 104; journey to Tuileries, 104–5; ‘the baker’, 105; change in title, 109; and Mirabeau, 110, 111; at Fête de la Fédération, 114; and Civil Constitution, 115, 117, 118; hopes to recover lost authority, 116–17; decides to escape, 118–19; and Fersen, 120; flight to Varennes, 121–7; destroys papers, 128; the return to Paris, 128–30; and Lafayette, 130; vetoes Assembly’s decrees, 138; journalists attack, 140; and Revolutionary Wars, 144–5; replaces Ministers with Feuillants, 146; in despondency, 149; and invasion of Tuileries, 149; and state of emergency, 151; and 14 July celebrations, 151–3; his abdication demanded, 154; and storming of Tuileries, 155, 156; seeks refuge in National Assembly, 158; to be imprisoned, 161–2; Convention sends for, 182; daily routine in prison, 182–3; condemned to death, 185; and his family, 185–6; execution, 186–9; and young Robespierre, 205