Sakharov, Andrei; Reflections on Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom
Salazar, António de Oliveira
salvationism: fantasies; nationalist. See also eschatology; messianism; redemptive mythologies; utopia
Salvemini, Gaetano
samizdat
Sartre, Jean-Paul
Scammell, Michael
Schapiro, Leonard
Scherbakov, Aleksander
Schmitt, Carl
Schwan, Gesine
science: Communism and; Nazism and
Scînteia
Scott, James C.
Second Socialist Transformation secret police, Soviet
Secret Speech, Khrushchev denouncing Stalin (1956)
Serbia: “competitive authoritarianism,”; Radical Party; socialists
Shafarevich, Igor
Shakhnazarov, Georgiy
shestidesiatniki
Shoah. See Holocaust
Short Course of History of the CPSU
Short Course of Political Economy
show trials: Eastern Europe; Sinyavski-Daniel; Stalin's
Shtern, Lina
Siberian School
Siegelbaum, Lewis
Silone, Ignazio
Simic, Charles
Sinyavsky, Andrei; Sinyavski-Daniel trial
sixty-eighters
Slánský, Rudolf
Slovakia; Mečiar; radical-authoritarian trends
Smirnov, Georgii
Snyder, Jack
Snyder, Timothy: “absence of economics,”; Bloodlands; comparing Communist and Nazi systems; ethnic cleansing; number of Soviet and Nazi victims; Stalinist anti-Semitism
social Darwinism
social democracy: Bolshevism vs.; European; German; international; Leninism and; proletarian; Romanian Social Democratic Party; Russian Social Democrats; Western-style
social engineering: Communist; Fascist; post-Communism and
socialism; “building of socialism,”; charismatic party for; Communist Manifesto and; de-Stalinization and; double-talk and double-think; Fascism's origins in; Gorbachev and; with a human face; ideological chaos created by collapse; international; Leninism discrediting; Marx's “heretics,”; nationalist; New Left; post-totalitarian; “reformed Soviet,”; relegitimization of; revisionism and; revolutionary; Russian Socialist Revolutionaries; scientific; Second Socialist Transformation; Socialist Unity Party (SED). See also Communism; Marxism
“sociocide,”
Solidarnosc / Solidarity, Poland; Geremek; Mazowiecki; Walçsa. See also Michnik, Adam
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr; The First Circle; Gulag Archipelago; Nobel Prize for Literature
Sonderwegs
Sorbonne, occupation of
soul, care of the soul
South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Souvarine, Boris
Sovietism
Sovietization; Eastern Europe
Soviet Union; Academy of Science; amnesty decree; anti-Fascism; Cold War; collapse (1991); constitution (1936); constitution (Sakharov); criminality; Cultural Revolution; de-Bolshevization; de-Stalinization; dissidents; Great Patriotic War for the Defense of the Motherland; mezhdunarodniki; Moscow Helsinki Group; nomenklatura; perestroika; post-Communism; Radio Moscow; reinvention of politics; revisionism; secret police; shestidesiatniki; Soviet citizens sent back from Hitler's Reich; Soviet-Nazi “nonaggression” pact (1939); terror. See also Bolshevism; Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); Gorbachev, Mikhail; gulag; Leninism; Russian Communist Party; Sovietization; Stalinism
Spanish Civil War
Spanish Communist Party
Speer, Albert
Sperber, Manès
Spring of the Nations (1848)
Stalin, Joseph; biography; The Black Book of Nazi Crimes against Soviet Jews banned by; and Comintern; Communist power not dependent on; constitution (1936); in Costea letter; death (1953); de-racialization after; de-Stalinization; dialectics; and Eastern Europe; experiments on human beings; Gorbachev condemning; “Great Experiment,”; Great Purge; Great Terror; ideological obsession; vs. Jews; Kaganovich with; Khrushchev denouncing crimes of; leader charisma/personality cult; and Leninism; mausoleum; post-Communism and; and proletariat; purges; reinvention of politics; revolution from above; show trials; “warfare personality,”; xenophobic. See also Stalinism
Stalinism; anti-Fascist; “Bolshevism of the extreme right,”; civilization; Commission for the Rehabilitation of Stalinism's Victims; conspiracy theories; dehumanization of the enemy; de-Stalinization; differences between Nazism and; Eastern Europe; enemies of; ethnic cleansing; Fascism syncretized with; ideology; internationalism defined by; “language of magic,”; “little Stalins,”; Marxist freedom and; Molotov; neo-Stalinism; party charisma; pathology of universalism; political myth; post-Communism and; reversion; revisionism and; Romania; Russianization; Russian National Bolshevism; similarities with Nazism; soslovnost; terror; Yaroslavsky. See also Stalin, Joseph
Stevens, Anthony
Stojanovic, Svetozar
Strasser, Gregor
Strasser, Otto
Streicher, Julius
submission syndrome
Sullis, Edgardo, Il Duce-Imitatione de Mussolini
Suny, Ronald
Sverdlov, Nikolai Yakov
Szeleńy, Ivan
Tamás, G. M.
Tamir, Yael
telos: of “democratic dictatorship,”; of Nazism
terror: Communist; contemporary; ethnicization of; Nazi; pogroms; Pol Pot regime in Cambodia; Red Terror (1918); Stalinist Great Terror; “states of terror,”. See also camps; dehumanization of the enemy; exterminist policies; genocide; purges
Thälmann, Ernst
“Thaw,”
Thomas à Kempis
Tigrid, Pavel
Tito
Tocqueville, Alexis de
Toránska, Teresa
totalitarianism; detotalitarianization; emotional-intellectual superstructure and institutional ensemble; enigma of; reinvention of politics. See also Communism; Fascism; political monopoly; post-totalitarian system
“touchstone theory,”
Traverso, Enzo
Trotsky, Leon/Trotskyites: and apparatus terror; defeat of “world revolution,”; vs. democracy; intraparty opposition; vs. Kautsky; and leader charisma; Leninism opposed to; in Lenin's Politburo; revisionism and; Stalin's enemy; Their Morals and Ours
truth; anti-anti-utopianism; The Black Book of Communism; Bukharin; Communist “moral elite,”; dissidents; ethnocentric nationalism's irrelevance of; Fascist; Gorbachev; historical; ideological states; Leninist; living in; Marxist; party's special access to; Pope John Paul II's “The Splendor of Truth,”; post-Communism; “reconciliation without,”; re-empowering; revolutionary; Secret Speech and. See also falsification; morality
Tucker, Robert C.: Bolshevism's deradicalization; Bukharin; Leninism; philosophy and myth; pre-Gorbachev Soviet Union; reversion; show trials; Stalin
Tudjman, Franjo
Tudor, Corneliu Vadim
Tudoran, Dorin
Țugui, Pavel
tyrannies of certitude
tyrannies of corruption
Übermensch
Ukraine: “competitive authoritarianism,”; Holocaust impacts; radical-authoritarian trends
l'univers concentrationnaire
Urban, George; Communist Reformation; Stalinism
Urban, Jan
ur-Fascism
ur-Leninism
Urválek, Josef
USSR. See Soviet Union
utopia; anti-anti-utopianism; Communist Manifesto and; enduring magnetism of; Fascist; ideology and; intellectuals in frantic search for; West and. See also Communist utopia; eschatology; redemptive mythologies; salvationism