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11. C. Keysers (2011), The Empathic Brain, Los Gatos, CA: Smashwords ebook.

12. This claim was made by the eminent neuroscientist Vilayanur Ramachandran and is related in C. Keysers (2011), The Empathic Brain, Los Gatos, CA: Smashwords ebook.

13. R. Mukamel, A. D. Ekstrom, J. Kaplan, M. Iacoboni and I. Fried (2010), ‘Single-neuron responses in humans during execution and observation of actions’, Current Biology, 20, 750–56.

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15. Neha Mahajan & Karen Wynn (2012), ‘Origins of “Us” versus “Them”: Prelinguistic infants prefer similar others’, Cognition, 124, 227–33.

16. Gordon Gallup (1970), ‘Chimpanzees: Self-recognition’, Science, 167, 86–7. One curious exception is the domesticated dog, for reasons that are unknown. Apparently, domestication by man to be sociable did not include this component of social awareness.

17. B. Amsterdam (1972), ‘Mirror self-image reactions before age two’, Developmental Psychobiology, 5, 297–305.

18. Charles Darwin (1872), The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: John Murray, p. 325.

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26. R. S. Bigler (2013) ‘Understanding and Reducing Social Stereotyping and Prejudice Among Children’ in M. R. Banaji and S. A. Gelman (eds), Navigating the Social World. What Infants, Children, and Other Species Can Teach Us, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 328.

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32. Xiaojing Xu, Xiangyu Zuo, Xiaoying Wang and Shihui Han (2009), ‘Do you feel my pain? Racial group membership modulates empathic neural responses’, Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 8525–9.

33. Stanley Milgram (1963), ‘Behavioral study of obedience’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371–8.

34. P. Zimbardo (2007), The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil, London: Random House.

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36. Martin Niemöller, ‘Als die Nazis die Kommunisten holten …’, http://www.martin-niemoeller-stiftung.de/4/daszitat/a31

37. S. Alexander Haslam and Stephen D. Reicher (2012), ‘Contesting the “Nature” of Conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo’s studies really show’, PLOS Biology, volume 10, issue 11, e1001426.

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39. Kate Fox (2004), Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour, Hodder & Stoughton, London.

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43. J. Cloutier, T. F. Heatherton, P. J. Whalen and W. M. Kelley (2008), ‘Are attractive people rewarding? Sex differences in the neural substrates of facial attractiveness’, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 941–51.

44. R.B. Cialdini (2005), ‘Don’t throw away the toweclass="underline" Use social influence research’, American Psychological Society, 18, 33–4.

45. Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein (2009, updated edition), Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness, New York: Penguin.

46. Leon Festinger (1957), A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

47. Vincent van Veen, Marie K. Krug, Jonathan W. Schooler and Cameron S. Carter (2009), ‘Neural activity predicts attitude change in cognitive dissonance’, Nature Neuroscience, 12, 1469–75.

48. Ellen J. Langer (1978), ‘Rethinking the Role of Thought in Social Interaction’ in John H. Harvey, William J. Ickes and Robert F. Kidd (eds), New Directions in Attribution Research, vol. 2, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 35–58.

49. Quoted in Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson (2007), Mistakes Were Made (but not by me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions and Hurtful Acts, Harcourt Inc.

50. A. G. Greenwald and M. R. Banaji (1995), ‘Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes’, Psychological Review, 102, 4–27.

51. Andreas Olsson, Jeffrey P. Ebert, Mahzarin R. Banaji and Elizabeth A. Phelps (2005), ‘The role of social groups in the persistence of learned fear’, Science, 309, 785–7.

52. Carlos David Navarrete, Andreas Olsson, Arnold K. Ho, Wendy Berry Mendes, Lotte Thomsen and James Sidanius (2009), ‘Fear extinction to an out-group face: The role of target gender’, Psychological Science, 20, 155–8.