Выбрать главу

Tipler, Frank 328, 341

transformation theory 206

trial pairing 171

Triangle Land 40, 41, 42, 45–6, 116–17, 344

Twain, Mark 338

two-and-a-bit puzzle 109

two-slit experiment 194–6

two-snapshots problem 92, 103

U

unbound states 235

unity of unities 75

universal equation 254

universe 22

chronology of 313–15

as a clock 107–8

expansion 262–4

modelling 40–6

order of 23

wave function of 242

V

Vaughan, Henry 328

vector fields 191

velocity 96, 97

group 278

Vilenkin, Alexander 352, 359

Voltaire 111

von Laue, Max 190

Vonnegut, Kurt 359

W

Walsch, Neale Donald 344

water-clock 95

wave function 194–205, 241–2

collapse 199–200, 204, 217–18, 224, 297

of the universe 242

wave mechanics 13, 189–90, 194–205

wave optics 270

wave packets 201, 205, 262, 275–81

wave theory of light 124, 125, 269–71

website 5, 7, 344

Weinberg, Steven 244

well behaved, conditions of being 254

Wheeler, John Archibald 38, 44, 136, 167, 169, 175–6, 246–7

Wheeler-DeWitt equation 38–9, 242, 247, 256, 351, 359

Whitehead, Alfred North 329

Wilczek, Frank 347

Williams, Tennessee 331, 332

Wootters, William 257

World, The 328

world line 140

X

X-rays 190

Y

Yeats, W.B. 322

Young, Thomas 124, 125

Z

Zeh, Dieter 264, 307, 338, 354

Zeilinger, Anton 360

Zeno’s paradox 49 

CONTENTS

The Story in a Nutshell
Preface
Acknowledgements
PART 1 THE BIG PICTURE IN SIMPLE TERMS

CHAPTER 1 The Main Puzzles

The Next Revolution in Physics

The Ultimate Things

Getting to Grips with Elusive Time

The Properties of Experienced Time

Newton’s Concepts

Laws and Initial Conditions

Why is the Universe so Special?

CHAPTER 2 Time Capsules

The Physical World and Consciousness

Time Without Time

Time Capsules

Examples of Time Capsules

CHAPTER 3 A Timeless World

First Outline

The Crisis of Time

The Ultimate Arena

Is Motion Real?

The Big Picture

PART 2 THE INVISIBLE FRAMEWORK AND THE

ULTIMATE ARENA

CHAPTER 4 Alternative Frameworks

Absolute or Relative Motion?

An Alternative Arena

CHAPTER 5 Newton’s Evidence

The Aims of Machian Mechanics

Apparent Failure

Space and Spin

Energy

CHAPTER 6 The Two Great Clocks in the Sky

Where is Time?

The First Great Clock

The Inertial Clock

The Second Great Clock

CHAPTER 7 Paths in Platonia

Nature and Exploration

Developing Machian Ideas

Exploring Platonia

PART 3 THE DEEP STRUCTURE OF GENERAL

RELATIVITY

CHAPTER 8 The Bolt from the Blue

Historical Accidents

Background to the Crisis

Einstein and Simultaneity

The Forgotten Aspects of Time

CHAPTER 9 Minkowski the Magician

The New Arena

From Three to Four Dimensions

Are There Nows in Relativity?

CHAPTER 10 The Discovery of General Relativity

Funny Geometry

Einstein’s Way to General Relativity

The Main Advances

The Final Hurdle

General Relativity and Time

CHAPTER 11 General Relativity: The Timeless Picture

The Golden Age of General Relativity

Platonia for Relativity

Best Matching in the New Platonia

Catching up with Einstein

A Summary and the Dilemma

PART 4 QUANTUM MECHANICS AND QUANTUM

COSMOLOGY

CHAPTER 12 The Discovery of Quantum Mechanics

CHAPTER 13 The Lesser Mysteries

Introduction

The Wave Function

Interpreting the Wave Function

States Within States

The Copenhagen Interpretation

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

The Enigmatic Gem

CHAPTER 14 The Greater Mysteries

Schrödinger’s Vast Arena

Correlations and Entanglement

The EPR Paradox

Bell’s Inequalities

The Many-Worlds Interpretation

A Dualistic Picture

CHAPTER 15 The Rules of Creation

The End of Change

Creation and the Schrödinger Equation

Quantum Mechanics Hovering in Nothing

CHAPTER 16 ‘That Damned Equation’

History and Quantum Cosmology

A Simple-Minded Approach

‘That Damned Equation’

PART 5 HISTORY IN THE TIMELESS UNIVERSE

CHAPTER 17 The Philosophy of Timelessness

CHAPTER 18 Static Dynamics and Time Capsules

Dynamics Without Dynamics

Why do we Think the Universe is Expanding?

The Idea of Time Capsules: The Kingfisher

CHAPTER 19 Latent Histories and Wave Packets

Smooth Waves and Choppy Seas

History Without History

Airy Nothing and a Local Habitation

Schrödinger’s Heroic Failure

CHAPTER 20 The Creation of Records

History and Records

The Creation of Records: First Mechanism

The Prerequisites of History

The Improbability of History

The Creation of Records: Second Mechanism

CHAPTER 21 The Many-Instants Interpretation

Many Histories in One Universe

Bell’s ‘Many-Worlds’ Interpretation

The Many-Instants Interpretation

CHAPTER 22 The Emergence of Time and its Arrow

Causality in Quantum Cosmology

Soccer in the Matterhorn

Timeless Descriptions of Dynamics

A Quantum Origin of the Universe?

Vision of a Timeless Universe

A Weil-Ordered Cosmos?

EPILOGUE Life Without Time

Notes

Further Reading

Bibliography

Index

LIST OF DISPLAY ITEMS

BOXES

1 The Great Revolutions in Physics

2 The Two Big Mysteries

3 Possible Platonias

4 Centre of Mass

5 The Galilean Relativity Principle

6 The Equation of Time

7 Tait’s Inertial Clock

8 Intrinsic Difference and Best Matching

9 Relativity in One Diagram and 211 Words

10 The Impossible Becomes Possible