7. Rapee, R. M. (1998). Overcoming shyness and social phobia: A step-by-step guide. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, p. 116.
CHAPTER 17
1. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author, p. 662.
2. Keating, C.J. (1984). Dealing with difficult people. Ramsey, NJ: Paulist Press, p. 150.
3. Freud, S. (1957). Certain neurotic mechanisms in jealousy, paranoia and homosexuality. In J. D. Sutherland (Ed.) & J. Riviere (Trans.), Collected papers (Vol. 2). London: Hogarth Press, pp. 232-243.
4. Franklin, B. (n.d.). BrainyQuote. Retrieved October 26, 2009, from http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/b/benjaminfr151684.html
CHAPTER 18
1. Beck, A. T. (1999). Prisoners of hate: The cognitive basis of anger, hostility, and violence. New York: HarperCollins, p. 251.
2. Ibid., p. 53.
CHAPTER 19
1. PDM Task Force. (2006). Psychodynamic diagnostic manual. Silver Spring, MD: Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations, p. 128.
CHAPTER 20
1. Oldham, J. M., & Morris, L. B. (1995). New personality self-portrait: Why you think, work, love, and act the way you do. New York: Bantam Books and Morris, p. 201.
2. Winter, D. A. (n.d.). The internet encyclopaedia of personal construct psychology: Fixed-role therapy. Retrieved July 22, 2009, from http://www.pcp-net. org/encyclopaedia/fixed-role-ther.html
3. New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. (n.d.). Answers.com. Retrieved October 22, 2009, from http://www.answers.com/topic/new-introductory-lectures-on-psycho-analysis
4. Mitchell, J. (2008, November 4). A 65th birthday tribute to Joni Mitchell. Wall Street Journal, p. D7.
5. Anthony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (2000). Shyness & social anxiety workbook: Proven techniques for overcomingyour fears. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger, p. 78.
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Acceptance, 208
Acquired sexual avoidance, 48-50 Action oriented therapeutic approach, 113
Addiction, 88
Adolescent turmoil, 40
Advice to patients, 150-55
Affairs, extramarital, 160, 190
Aggressive personality disorder, 83-84
Aggressor, identification with, 16,
59-60, 174-75
American Psychological Association Help Center, 6
Analytic dimension of therapy, 112 Anergia, 58 Anger, 13-15, 202-3 Anhedonia, 58
Animals, comparisons to, 107-8 Antagonistic individuals, avoiding, 152-53
Anxiety, 9, 148, 149, 199-200 Appearance, physical, 212-13 Asexuality, 45-47 Assertiveness, 18, 174-75 Avoidance: accepting, as last resort, 161-62; as avoidant defense, 16; avoidant personality disorder, 42-44; avoidant personality traits, 41-42; creation in therapy, 167-68; healthy, 37-39, 156, 182, 197-98; normal, 39-41, 198
Avoidance reduction overview, 111-21; choosing best approach for specific patients, 118-21; cognitive-behavioral therapy, 114-16; existential approach, 117; family therapy, 117-18; interpersonal approach, 116; psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy, 113-14; supportive therapy, 116-17 Avoidant disorder of childhood and adolescence, 99-102 Avoidant personality disorder: avoidant personality traits versus, 41-42; cognitive-behavioral aspects,
93-97; comorbidity, 71-92; course, 57-60; development, 99-108; differential diagnosis, 61-69; overview, 42-44; self-help, 195-214. See also specific types and therapies
Avoidant personality traits, 41-42
Behavioral therapy, 137-42; graded exposure, 138-40; joint/group exposure, 142; journaling, 141; manipulation, 140; motivation, enhancing, 141; non-avoidant philosophy, injecting, 140; overview, 112; paradoxical therapy, 140-41; patience, urging, 141; relaxation techniques, 142; right-brain activity, 142; role-playing, 135, 140; sexual avoidance reduction, 188-89; social skills training, 137; as supplemental treatment, 165-66; treatment of avoidant personality disorder and social phobia, 65. See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Biological factors, 106-7
Bisexuality, 88- 89
Borderline personality disorder,
66 - 69
Boredom, 212
Case examples: aggressive personality disorder, 83-84; anger, readiness to, 14-15; anxiety in new social situations, 9; avoidant disorder of childhood and adolescence, 99-102; bisexuality, 89; borderline personality disorder, 67-69; cognitive-behavioral therapy,
115; cognitive therapy, 134-35; criticism, humiliation, and rejection, fear of, 7-8, 176-77; depression, 73-74; dissociative personality disorder, 78-80; DSM-IV criteria, 7-8, 9, 11; false equivalencies, 95; family therapy, 117-18; flooding, fear of, 11; healthy avoidance, 37-38; identification with peers/ society, 19-28; inadequacy and low self-esteem, feelings of, 9; interpersonal therapy, 144-45; masochism, 12-13, 86-87; non-DSM-IV criteria, 11, 12-13,
14-15, 19-28; normal avoidance, 40-41; obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, 75-77; parental relationships, early, 102-5; posttraumatic stress disorder, 81-82; psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy, 124, 127-31; push techniques, 164-65; rationalization, 59-60; sexual avoidance, acquired, 49-50; sexual avoidance, innate/essential, 45-47; sexual avoidance development, 51-52; sexual avoidance psychodynamics, 53; sexual avoidance treatment, 185-86, 187-88; social awkwardness, 11; social phobia,
63-64, 64-65; supportive therapy, 149-50; Type Ila avoidants, 30-33; Type Ilb avoidants, 34-36 Catastrophic thinking, 96-97, 136 Cats, comparisons to, 107 “Certain Neurotic Mechanisms in Jealousy, Paranoia, and Homosexuality” (Freud), 173 Changes, real-life, 202 Charactering armoring, 62 Characterological problems, associated, 17-19
Classic avoidant personality disorder. See Type I avoidant personality disorder
Cleansing prohibitions, and sexual avoidance, 48-49, 50 Codependency, 36 Cognitive-behavioral aspects, 93-97; catastrophic thinking, 96-97; false equivalencies, 94-95; negative thinking, 95; overgeneralizing, 96; projective thinking, 93-94 Cognitive-behavioral therapy, 133-42; behavioral therapy, 137-42; cognitive therapy, 133-37; graded exposure, 138-40; joint/group exposure, 142; journaling, 141; manipulation, 140; motivation, enhancing, 141; non-avoidant philosophy, injecting, 140; overview, 114-16; paradoxical therapy, 140-41; patience, urging, 141; relaxation techniques, 142; right-brain activity, 142; roleplaying, 135, 140; social skills training, 137
Cognitive errors, 144, 209 Cognitive restructuring, in sexual avoidance reduction, 189 Cognitive therapy, 112, 133-37. See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy Commitment, fear of, 20-21; dreams, 20 -21
Comorbidity, 71-92; addiction, 88; aggressive personality disorder,
83-84; bisexuality, 88-89; depression, 71, 73-74; dissociative personality disorder, 78-81; grief, 74; hysterical (histrionic) personality disorder, 77-78; masochism, 71, 85-88; mixed personality disorder, 89-92; narcissism, 82; obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, 71, 74-77; paranoia, 71, 72; paraphilia, 82; passive-aggression, 83; passive-dependent personality disorder, 84-85; posttraumatic stress disorder, 81-82 Competitive/normal jealousy, 173 Consensual validation, 151 Constructive criticism, 177 Consultative action, taking, 206-7 Control, 77, 94, 103, 148 Counteridentification, with healthy, nonavoidant parents, 104-5 Counterphobia, healthy, 156 Counterphobic avoidants. See Type II avoidant personality disorder Counterphobic defenses, 126 Course of avoidant personality disorder, 57-60; identification with aggressor, 59-60; rationalization, 58 - 60