Gilder-Boissière, Jean 26
globalization 188
Goga, Octavian 51, 106–7
Gombrowicz, Witold 348
Gonzalez, Elian 296–9
Gonzalez, Juan Miguel 296, 297–8
Grass, Günter 260, 301
Group for Social Dialogue 116, 129–30
Gulag in post-communist consciousness 287–8
Gusev, Vladimir 125
Hamsun, Knut 61
Hartman, Geoffrey 213, 214
Hartung, Hans 65
Hasdeu, B.P. 106–7, 113
Havel, Václav 116–17, 300
Hechter, Joseph see Sebastian
Hegel, G.W.F. 258
Heisenberg, Werner Karl 32
Herbert, Zbignew 217, 221
Hervier, Julien 78–9
Hesse, Hermann 274, 329
Hitler, Adolf 35, 52, 58, 74, 80, 145; and Chaplin 63–4, 67, 86; see also Nazism
Hoffman, Charles F. 278
Holocaust 14; facing the past in Romania 44–62; and life 5–6; and literature 40–1, 204, 213; minimization of 60; post-communist memories of 287–8; representations of and Walser debate 193–201, 290–1
Howe, Irving 320
Hrabal, Bohumil 29
human nature 25–7
Ia
si 217, 218; anti-Semitic massacres (1941) 52–3, 58
identity 7, 28–30, 291–2, 310–12; Kafka on German language 337–41; in Sebastian’s work 47–8; see also national identity
impossibility and Kafka 327–49
individuaclass="underline" and freedom in Sebastian’s view 50, 54; in modernity 290, 291–2
intellectuals and totalitarianism 32–43, 146–7; collaboration and compromise 115–16, 299–301; and communist ideal 36, 102, 151–3; Eliade’s failure to confront the past 92–118; and freedom 3636–7, 147, 148, 151–2; and Nazism in Romania 44–62, 92–118; repression in Romania 150–6, 169–70; responses to Manea’s essay “Happy Guilt” 129; responses to Sebastian’s Journal 59–62; and “rhinocerization” 45–6, 159–75
International Jewish Congress (1908) 217, 253, 268
Ionescu, Eugen (Eugène Ionesco) 244, 267, 348; Rhinoceros 45–6, 159–75, 274; and Sebastian 45–6, 58, 171, 174
Ionescu, Marie-France 174–5
Ionescu, Nae: anti-Semitism and Iron Guard 48, 49, 57, 61, 98–9; in Bellow’s work 236; and Eliade 47, 93, 98, 99, 111; sacralization in present-day Romania 117; and Sebastian 47, 48–50, 54
Iorga, Nicolae 106–7, 113
Iron Guard (Romania): anti-Semitic horrors 51–3, 58; and intellectuals in Nazi period 47, 48, 51, 52, 55–6, 58, 99–105, 107–8, 111–12, 116, 145, 146–7; as model for Communist regime 100, 114; and Movement for Romania 126; post-communist nostalgia for 306
Islam 188–9, 192; see also Muslim fundamentalism
Italy and “Roma” refugees 302–5
Jarry, Alfred 86
Jasenka, Milena 342
Jerusalem Cultural Project 244
Jesi, Furio 101, 104
Jews and Judaism: and Celan’s Conversation in the Mountains 202–6, 221–32; Kafka on 335–6, 338, 342, 343–4; and language 217–18, 220–1, 268–9, 335–6, 338, 348; “monopoly on suffering” accusations 299; and Sebastian’s identity 50, 51, 59; see also anti-Semitism
Joyce, James 348
Jünger, Ernst 78–9
Kaczynski, Theodore John 275
Kádár, Janos 37–8
Kafka, Franz 9, 204, 206, 257, 270, 271, 277, 280; The Castle 332–3; and exile 343–9; and German language 328, 335–6, 337–41, 348; “The Great Wall of China” 345–6; and impossibility 327–49; The Metamorphosis 333–4, 344; “The New Advocate” 333; The Trial 333; “The Wish to Be A Red Indian” 345
Keynes, John Maynard 317
Khomeini, Ayatollah 35, 132
Khrushchev, Nikita 293
Kierkegaard, Søren 248
Kiš, Danilo 348
Klemperer, Victor 45
Kundera, Milan 299–301
Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe 105
Lafitte, Jacques 316
languages of exile 253–73, 346, 348; Kafka and German language 328, 335–6, 337–41
Laval, Pierre 26
Lawton, David 133
Le Pen, Jean-Marie 60
Lefebvre, Jean Pierre 203, 221
Legion of the Archangel Michael 99; see also Iron Guard
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 35, 94
Levi, Primo 8, 216, 348
Levinas, Emmanuel 208, 264
Levy, Bernard-Henry 145
Likhonosov, Viktor 125
Loeb, Rabbi Moshe 90
Lorca, Federico García 36
Los Angeles Times 127
Lovinescu, Eugen 100
Luceafárul (journal) 131
McMurty, Larry 95
Magris, Claudio: Blinding 308–10
Mailat, Nicolae Romulus 303–4
mailmen 14–16, 20–4
Man, Paul de 94, 110
Mandelstam, Osip 36, 205, 206, 348
Manea, Norman: Augustus the Fool’s Apprenticeship Years 64, 65–6, 83; The Black Envelope 40, 257; categorization as writer 271–2; Composite Biography (also A Robot Biography) 77, 259–60; On the Contour 265; “Pressing Love” 40, 256–7; psychiatric refuge 81–3; Romanian response to “Happy Guilt” 126–33; “Weddings” 40–1
Manger, Itzik 253–4
Mann, Golo 203
Mann, Thomas 8, 25, 65, 197, 282, 306–7, 348
Mao Zedong 94
Margul-Sperber, Alfred 219
Margul-Sperber, Jessica 218
Marin, Vasile 112
Márquez, Gabriel García 296–9
Martin, Mircea 214–15
Marx, Karl 33, 295, 315, 316–18
Mauriac, François 150
Michnik, Adam 300
migration and European Union 302–5
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de 292
Montale, Eugenio 76–7, 241
Morin, Edgar 145
Mota, Ion 112
Movement for Romania 126
Musil, Robert 17, 348
Muslim fundamentalism 188–9, 191–2; Rushdie fatwa 124, 131–3, 134, 293–5; see also September 11 attacks
Mussolini, Benito 94
Nabokov, Vladimir 261, 262–3, 348
Naipaul, V.S. 268
Nancy, Jean-Luc 105
“National Bolshevism” in Russia 306 national identity 7; Eliade’s Romanianism 97–8; Kafka and language 337–40; Romanian nationalism 97–8, 105–7, 115, 126, 127–8, 306
Nazism 5, 7, 35, 106; facing the past in Romania 44–62, 92–118; ideological critiques 102–3, 105; see also Hitler
Nemoianu, Virgil 98–9
Nepomnyashchy, Catherine T. 122–3
New York 319–23
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm 38, 204, 299
Noica, Constantin 45, 61, 106–7, 113, 119, 301; Cioran’s caustic comments on 143; correspondence with Cioran 150–4, 155–6; internal exile and trial 150–6
nostalgia for communist era 129, 305
Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF) in Bucharest 150–6
Obama, Barack 249
occupation and human nature 25–7
open society and effect of blasphemy 135–6, 138–9
oversimplification: of art and culture 307–10; and mass communications 312–13
Ozick, Cynthia 235, 343
Papu, Edgar 113
Paradise and forbidden fruit 27–8
Pârvan, Vasile 113
Pasternak, Boris 293
Paul, Jean 57
Pawel, Ernest 336
PEN: “The Word as Weapon” 260–1
Pessoa, Fernando 263–4, 272
Petrescu, Camil 117, 179
Petrescu, Dan 115
Petreu, Marta 147