"Referendum v Krymu o statuse avtonomii," RIA compilation, March 16, 2015, http://ria.ru/spravka/20150316/1052210041.html, accessed August 21, 2016.
Mark Kramer, "Why Did Russia Give Away Crimea Sixty Years Ago?" Cold War International History Project E-Dossier no. 47, March 19, 2014, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/why-did-russia-give-away-crimea-sixty- years-ago, accessed August 22, 2016.
Vladimir Putin's address in the Kremlin, March 18, 2014, Kremlin transcript, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20603; official English translation, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20603; both accessed August 23, 2016.
http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20603, accessed August 23, 2016.
Adolf Hitler's closing speech at NSDAP (Nazi Party) congress, Nuremberg, September 12, 1938, http://der-fuehrer.org/reden/english/38-09-12.htm, accessed August 23, 2016.
"'Maidan,' Krym, sanktsii," Levada Center, December 30, 2014, http://www.levada.ru/2014/12/30/majdan-krym-sanktsii/, accessed August 23, 2016.
Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976), pp. 470-474.
"Expert: Raspad Ukrainy neizbezhen," russia.ru, October 8, 2009, http://tv.russia.ru/video/diskurs_5615/, accessed August 26, 2016.
"Predstavlyayetsya pravil'nym initsiirovat' prisoyedineniye vostochnykh oblastey Ukrainy k Rossii," Novaya gazeta, February 23, 2015,
http://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/67389.html, accessed August 26, 2016. The newspaper attributed the white paper to Konstantin Malofeyev, known as the Orthodox Billionaire. But the logic and, especially, the vocabulary of much of the text point strongly to the possibility that Dugin had coauthored it. Specifically, the repeated use of the word "geopolitical" and, even more important, the term gorodskaya guerrilya—"urban guerrilla"—which, in Russian, seems to appear only in encyclopedias and, frequently, in Dugin's writing. The existence of an ongoing working relationship between Malofeyev and Dugin is well documented. See, for example, "Chorniy Internatsionaclass="underline" Malofeyev i Dugin," blog by Russian hacker Shaltay Boltay, November 27, 2014,
https://b0ltai.org/2014/11/27/%D1%87D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9- %D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%] %D0%B8-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8/, accessed August 26, 2016.
"Dokazi prichetnosti vladi RF do poasyaganiya na teritorial'nu tsilisnist' Urkainy," telephone recordings published by Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6Ki_vHrJPU, accessed August 26, 2016.
"A. Dugin i Ye. Gubareva obsudili budushcheye Donbassa i Ukrainy," recording of Skype conversation, March 29, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jP0yebodlM, accessed August 26, 2016. The channel on which the video was published belongs to Pavel Gubarev, but he was in jail at the time, so I assume the call was recorded and published by Yekaterina Gubareva herself.
"Pro-Russian Crowds Storm Government Buildings in Eastern Ukraine," from "The Ukraine Crisis Timeline," Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), April 6, 2014, http://ukraine.csis.org/east1.htm#45, accessed August 26, 2016.
"People's Republic of Donetsk Calls for Russia to Send 'Peacekeepers,'" from "The Ukraine Crisis Timeline," CSIS, April 7, 2014, http://ukraine.csis.org/east1.htm#46, accessed August 26, 2016.
"US, Others Support Ukraine but Europe Divided on Sanctions," http://ukraine.csis.org/east1.htm#58; "Pro-Russian Forces Seize APCs as Ukrainian Operation Falters," http://ukraine.csis.org/east1.htm#59; April 15-16, 2014, "The Ukraine Crisis Timeline," CSIS, accessed August 27, 2016.
"Ukraine, Pro-Russian Protestors [sic] Square Off in East," April 8, 2014, http://ukraine.csis.org/east1.htm#48; "Pro-Russian Forces Seize Additional Facilities," April 12, 2014, http://ukraine.csis.org/east1.htm#53; "Ukrainian Military, Pro-Russian Forces Clash as 'Anti-Terrorist Operation' Begins," April 15, 2014, http://ukraine.csis.org/east1.htm#57; all from "The Ukraine Crisis Timeline," CSIS, accessed August 26, 2016.
Pryamaya liniya s Vladimirom Putinym, April 17, 2014, Kremlin transcript, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20796, accessed August 27, 2016.
Yuri Maloveryan, "Gosduma utverdila prisoyedineniye Kryma k Rossii," BBC Russian Service, March 20, 2014,
http: //www.bbc. com/russian/russia/2014/03/140320_ukraine_crim ea_duma_ratificatic Ilya Ponomarev, "In Exile, but Ready to Save Russia," The New York Times, April 15, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/opinion/in-exile-but-ready-to-save- russia.html?_r=0; both accessed May 12, 2017.
Marlene Laruelle, ed., Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe- Russia Relationship (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015).
"21 aprelya v programme 'Pozner'—Aleksandr Dugin," April 18, 2014, http://pozneronline.ru/2014/04/7669/, accessed August 27, 2016.
Alexander Dugin, "Nakanunye voyny—2," Malorossiya, April 21, 2014,
http: //maloros.ru/new/4120-aleksandr-dugin-nakanune-vojny-2.xhtml, accessed August 28, 2016.
Alexander Dugin, "Putin, vvodi voyska!" Malorossiya, May 28, 2014,
http: //maloros.ru/new/4687-aleksandr-dugin-putin-vvodi-vojska.xhtml; Alexander Dugin, "Russkiye zemli to suzhayutsya, to rasshiryayutsya," Malorossiya, May 27, 2014, http://maloros.ru/new/5019-aleksandr-dugin-russkie-zemli-to-suzhayutsya-to- rasshiryayutsya-video.xhtml; Alexander Dugin, "Shestaya kolonna," Vzglyad, April 29, 2014, http://www.vz.ru/opinions/2014/4/29/684247.html; all accessed August 28, 2016.
Author interview with Natalya Makeeva, Moscow, May 22, 2015.
Mikhail Khodorkovsky, "My mozhem i khotim reshat' samiye slozhniye zadachi, kotoriye stavit pered nashimi narodami zhizn'," khodorkovsky.ru, April 24, 2014, http://old.khodorkovsky.ru/news/2014/04/24/18768.html, accessed August 28, 2016.
Alan Taylor, "A Year of War Completely Destroyed the Donetsk Airport," The Atlantic, February 26, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2015/02/a-year-of-war- completely-destroyed-the-donetsk-airport/386204/, accessed August 28, 2016.
Cole Parke, "Natural Deception: Conned by the World Congress of Families," Political Research Associates, January 21, 2015,
http://www.politicalresearch.org/2015/01/21/natural-deception-conned-by-the-world- congress-of-families/#sthash.DJXMcOU7.a9bkcdgH.dpbs (also published in The Public Eye, Winter 2015), accessed August 29, 2016.
John-Henry Westen, "Conference Promoting Large Families in Russia Amazes Westerners," lifesitenews.com, September 10, 2014,
https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/conference-promoting-large-families-in-russia- amazes-westerners, accessed August 29, 2016.
Anton Shekhovtsov, Russia and the Western Far Right: Tango Noir (Abingdon, England:
Routledge, 2017).
Author interview with Johann Beckman, Moscow, June 2014.
"Rossiya zapretila import prodovol'stviya na $9 mlrd v otvet na sanktsii," TASS, August 7, 2014, http://tass.ru/ekonomika/1367515, accessed Sept. 4, 2016.
"Indeks potrebitel'skikh nastroyeniy," explication, Levada Center, undated, http://www.levada.ru/indikatory/sotsialno-ekonomicheskie-indikatory/indeks- potrebitelskikh-nastroenii/, accessed September 4, 2016.
"Index potrebitel'skikh nastroyeniy," graph, Levada Center, undated, http://www.levada.ru/indikatory/sotsialno-ekonomicheskie-indikatory/, accessed September 4, 2016.
Masha Gessen, "The News in Moscow," newyorker.com, December 27, 2014,
http: //www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/news-in-moscow-russia-ruble, accessed September 4, 2016.
Masha Gessen, "A Country Haunted by Starvation Burns Its Food," newyorker.com, August 11, 2015, http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/russia-haunted-by- starvation-burns-its-food, accessed September 4, 2016.
twenty-one ZHANNA: FEBRUARY 27, 2015