Lermontov, Mikhail Yuryevich (1814-1841). Liberal poet.
Levina, Revekka Saulovna (1899-1964). Soviet economist.
Levitan, Yuri Borisovich (1914-). Soviet radio announcer noted for his sonorous voice, which became familiar through announcement of major Soviet successes in World War II and other news events.
Levitin. See Krasnov, A. E.
Likhachev, Nikolai Petrovich (1862-1935). Historian, specialist on ikon painting.
Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilyevich (1711-1765). Universal scholar; in Russian spiritual history, prototype of scientific genius arising from the people.
Lordkipanidze, G. S. (1881-1937). Georgian writer; died in purge.
Loris-Melikov, Mikhail Tarpelovich (1825-1888). Powerful Tsarist Interior Minister, 1880-1881; initiator of unimplemented reforms.
Lorkh, Aleksandr Georgiyevich (1889-). Prominent potato breeder.
Lossky, Nikolai Onufriyevich (1870-1965). Philosopher, exiled in 1922.
Lozovsky, A. (Dridzo, Solomon Abramovich) (1878-1952). Revolutionary; chief of Trade Union International, 1921-1937; Deputy People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs and head of Sovinformburo in World War II; shot in anti-Jewish purge.
Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilyevich (1875-1932). Marxist cultural theorist; People’s Commissar for Education, 1917-1929.
Lunin, Mikhail Sergeyevich (1787-1845). One of the Decembrists; wrote philosophical and political tracts in Siberian exile.
Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich (I898-). Agricultural biologist; virtual dictator of Soviet science after 1940 under Stalin, and of biology in the Khrushchev era until 1964.
Maisky, Ivan Mikhailovich (1884-). Historian and diplomat; former Menshevik; envoy to Britain, 1932-1943; Deputy Foreign Commissar, 1943-1946.
Makarenko, Anton Semyonovich (1888-1939). Educator; organized rehabilitation colonies for juvenile delinquents.
Malinovsky, Roman Vatslavovich (1876-1918). Tsarist police informer planted among Bolsheviks; emigrated in 1914; returned to Russia voluntarily in 1918, when he was tried and executed.
Mandelstam, Osip Emilyevich (1891-1938). Acmeist poet; died in transit camp.
Mariya, Mother. See Skobtsova.
Markos, Gen. Vafiades (1906-). Greek leftist rebel leader, 1947-1948.
Martov (Tsederbaum), Yuli Osipovich (1873-1923). A Menshevik leader; exiled by Lenin in 1921.
Mayakovsky, Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930), Futurist poet; suicide.
Meek, Nikolai Karlovich von (1863-1929). Tsarist railroad industrialist; worked for Bolsheviks after 1917; accused of counterrevolutionary activities and shot.
Melgunov, Sergei Petrovich (1879-1956). Historian and Popular Socialist leader; exiled in 1923; lived in Paris.
Menshikov, Aleksandr Danilovich (1673-1729). Military leader and statesman; favorite of Peter the Great and Catherine I.
Menzhinsky, Vyacheslav Rudolfovich (1874-1934). Secret police official; headed OGPU, 1926-1934.
Meretskov, Marshal Kirill Afanasyevich (1897-1968). World War II leader.
Merezhkovsky, Dmitri Sergeyevich (1865-1941). Philosopher and novelist; founder of Symbolist movement; emigrated 1919 to Paris.
Mikhailov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (1906-). Chief of Komsomol, 1938-1952; later envoy to Poland and Indonesia, Minister of Culture, chairman of State Publishing Committee; retired 1970.
Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw (1901-1966). Polish Peasant Party leader; in Polish government in exile during World War II; in Polish postwar government, 1945-1947.
Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich (1895-). Close associate of Stalin; in charge of consumer-goods area; foreign policy adviser to Khrushchev; retired 1966.
Milyukov, Pavel Nikolayevich (1859-1943). Leader of Constitutional Democratic Party and historian; emigrated in 1920; died in U.S.A.
Mirovich, Vasily Yakovlevich (1740-1764). Attempted palace coup under Catherine II in favor of pretender Ivan IV Antonovich.
Molotov (Skryabin), Vyacheslav Mikhailovich (1890-). Close associate of Stalin; served as Premier and Foreign Minister; ousted by Khrushchev after so-called 1957 anti-Party coup; retired.
Monomakh. See Vladimir II.
Myakotin, Venedikt Aleksandrovich (1867-1937). Historian and a founder of Popular Socialist Party; exiled in 1922.
Nabokov (Sirin), Vladimir (1899-), Russian-American writer; son of F. D. Sirin, a Cadet leader, who emigrated in 1919.
Narokov (Marchenko), Nikolai Vladimirovich (1887-1969). Emigre writer; left Soviet Union in World War II; lived in Monterey, Calif.
Natanson, Mark Andreyevich (1850-1919). Populist, later a Socialist Revolutionary; sided with Bolsheviks during World War I; died in Switzerland.
Nekrasov, Nikolai Alekseyevich (1821-1878). Civic poet.
Novikov, Nikolai Ivanovich (1744-1818). Writer and social critic; incarcerated in Schliisselburg Fortress under Catherine II.
Novorussky, Mikhail Vasilyevich (1861-1925). Revolutionary, convicted with Aleksandr Ulyanov after abortive attempt to assassinate Alexander III in 1887; death sentence commuted to imprisonment in Schliisselburg.
Obolensky, Yevgeny Petrovich (1796-1865). One of the Decembrists; death sentence commuted to 20 years’ Siberian exile.
Olitskaya, Yekaterina Lvovna (1898—). Soviet dissident writer whose prison-camp memoirs circulated in samizdat and were published in 1971 by Possev, Russian-language publishing house of Frankfurt, West Germany.
Olminsky (Aleksandrov), Mikhail Stepanovich (1863-1933). Early professional revolutionary, journalist.
Ordzhonikidze, Grigory (Sergo) Konstantinovich (1886-1937). Close associate of Stalin, charged with heavy industry; a suicide during purges.
Osorgin (Ilin), Mikhail Andreyevich (1878-1942). Writer; exiled in 1922.
Palchinsky, Pyofr Akimovich (1878-1929). Economist and mining engineer; chief defendant in Shakhty trial of 1928; shot.
Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich (1890-1960). Poet and novelist; 1958 Nobel laureate.
Perkhurov, Aleksandr Petrovich (1876-1922). Anti-Bolshevik military commander; shot in Yaroslavl in 1922.
Peshekhonov, Aleksei Vasilyevich (1867-1933). Writer; exiled in 1922.
Peshkova-Vinaver, Yekaterina Pavlovna (1876-1965). First wife of Maxim Gorky; headed Political Red Cross.
Pestel, Pavel Ivanovich (1793-1826). One of the Decembrists, leader of radical wing; hanged.
Peters, Yakov Khristoforovich (1886-1942). Latvian revolutionary; high secret police official in 1920’s; liquidated.
Petlyura, Simon Vasilyevich (1879-1926). Ukrainian nationalist leader; headed anti-Bolshevik forces in Ukraine, 1918-1919; assassinated in Paris exile.
Pilnyak (Vogau), Boris Andreyevich (1894-1937). Soviet writer; accused of distorting revolutionary events; died in prison.
Platonov, Sergei Fyodorovich (1860-1933). Historian; in official disfavor in early 1930’s.
Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich (1856-1918). Marxist philosopher and historian, became a Menshevik leader; opposed Bolsheviks’ 1917 coup.
Pletnev, Dmitri Dmitriyevich (1872-1953). Physician; sentenced to 25 years after 1938 show trial.
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich (1827-1907). Lawyer and politician; Procurator of the Holy Synod; his reactionary Russian nationalist views were influential under Alexander III and in the early reign of Nicholas II.
Postyshev, Pavel Petrovich (1887-1940). Ukrainian Bolshevik leader; arrested in 1938; died in prison.
Potemkin, Grigory Aleksandrovich (1739-1791). Military leader and favorite of Catherine the Great.
Prokopovich, Sergei Nikolayevich (1871-1955). Economist and a Cadet leader; figure in 1921 Famine Relief Commission trial; expelled 1922.
Ptukhin, Lieut. Gen. Yevgeny Savvich (1900-1941). Soviet Air Force commander; executed after German attack against Soviet Union.
Pugachev, Yemelyan Ivanovich (1742-1775). Leader of a major peasant revolt against Catherine II; executed.