. Antiochus Epiphanes,
139
. Jason and Antiochus torment the people,
140
.
CHAPTER X
The Maccabæan War
(166-142
B.C.
)
147
Independence,
156
.
CHAPTER XI
From the Maccabees to the Romans
(135-4
B.C.
)
159
The warring sects,
160
. Antipater,
163
. Herod,
164
.
CHAPTER XII
The Rise of Christianity
(4
B.C.
-62
A.D.
)
168
A critical view of Christ and other messiahs,
168
. The development of the messianic idea,
169
.
CHAPTER XIII
The Revolt against Rome
(62-68
A.D.
)
177
The defence of Jotapata described by Josephus,
180
.
CHAPTER XIV
The Fall of Jerusalem
(68-73
A.D.
)
190
Josephus’ account of the famine,
193
. The close of Jewish history,
199
.
CHAPTER XV
Hebrew Civilisation
203
The life and customs of the Israelites,
205
. Hebrew art, architecture: the temple tombs, etc.,
209
.
CHAPTER XVI
The Prophets and the History of Semitic Style.
By Dr. D. H. Müller
213
Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters
227
A General Bibliography of the History of Israel
229
PART V. PHŒNICIA
Introductory Essay. Individuality of Phœnician History, and Origin of the Name.
By Richard Pietschmann
243
Phœnician History in Outline
(3800
B.C.
-1516
A.D.
)
246
Carthaginian History in Outline
(813
B.C.
-697
A.D.
)
251
CHAPTER I
Land and People
255
Origin of the Phœnicians,
259
.
CHAPTER II
Early History and Influences
263
Beginnings of the history and civilisation of Phœnicia,
263
. The colonies,
270
. Voyages and trading-stations,
274
.
CHAPTER III
The Phœnician Time of Power
(980-532
B.C.
)
279
The reign of Hiram I,
279
. The successors of Hiram,
283
.
CHAPTER IV
Phœnicia under the Persians
(525-323
B.C.
)
289
CHAPTER V
Phœnicia under the Greeks, the Romans, and the Saracens
(301
B.C.
-1516
A.D.
)
301
CHAPTER VI
The Story of Carthage
(813
B.C.
-697
A.D.
)
308
The site and early history of Carthage,
310
. Mommsen’s account of Carthage,
312
. War in Sicily between Rome and Carthage,
319
. Rome and Carthage,
321
. Last days of Carthage,
325
.
CHAPTER VII
Phœnician Commerce
329
Sea trade,
330
. Manufactures and land trade of the Phœnicians,
334
. Silver and gold in antiquity as money,
339
. The slave trade of Phœnicia,
342
.
CHAPTER VIII
Phœnician Civilisation
346
The Phœnicians and the alphabet,
347
. Manners and customs; religion,
348
. Culture; art,
352
. The Phœnician influence on history,
353
.
APPENDIX A
Classical Traditions
356
“The voyage of Hanno, beyond the pillars of Hercules, which he deposited in the temple of Saturn,”
356
. Himilco’s voyage of discovery,
358
. Pomponius Mela on the Phœnicians,
359
. Appianus Alexandrinus on the founding of Carthage by Dido,
360
.
Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters
361
A General Bibliography of Phœnician History
363
PART VI. WESTERN ASIA
Introductory Essay. The Position of Asia Minor in History.
By William J. Hamilton
373
History in Outline of the Minor Kingdoms of Western Asia
(1528-546
B.C.
)
380
CHAPTER I
The Hittites
391
Recent Hittite research,
393
. The Hittites and the Egyptians,
394
. The Hittites
and the Hebrews,
395
. Hittite art,
396
. Hittite monuments in Asia Minor,
397
.
CHAPTER II
Scythians and Cimmerians
400
The Scythians,
400
. Scythian influences in Asia Minor,
400
. Scythian movements,
401
. Herodotus on the customs of the Scythians,
404
. The Cimmerians,
410
.
CHAPTER III
Some Peoples of Syria, Asia Minor, and Armenia
413
The Aramæans,
413
. Phrygia,
413
. The Cappadocians,
415
. The Cilicians,
416
. Pamphylia and Pisidia,
416
. The Carians,
417
. The Lycians,
417
. The Mysians,
419
. The Bithynians and the Paphlagonians,
419
. Armenia,
420
.
CHAPTER IV
The Lydians
421
The land,
422
. The people,
423
. Sardis and the name of Asia,
424
. Early history of Lydia,
426
. Ardys,
427
. Early dynasties,
429
. Gyges,
430
. The triumph of Persia,
431
. Lydian civilisation,
433
. A picture of life in Lydia,
434
.
APPENDIX A
Classical Traditions
438
Justin’s account of the Scythians and the Amazons,
438
. Pomponius Mela on the Scythians and other tribes,
441
. Diodorus on the Amazons and the Hyperboreans,
444
. Herodotus on the legendary Gyges,
446
. The story of Crœsus as told by Herodotus,
448
. Crœsus and Solon,
449
. The vision of Crœsus,
451
. Crœsus loses his son,
453
. Crœsus consults the oracles,
454
. The reply of the oracles,
455
. Crœsus makes an alliance with Sparta,
456
. Crœsus invades Cappadocia,
457
. Crœsus in conflict with Cyrus,
458
. The siege of Sardis,
460
. The fate of Crœsus,
460
.
Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters
464
A General Bibliography of the History of the Minor Nations of Western Asia
465
PART VII. ANCIENT INDIA
Indian History in Outline
(2000
B.C.
-1556
A.D.
)
475
Græco-Bactrian dominion in the Indus region,
480
.
CHAPTER I
Land and People
482
The land,
484
. The early peoples of India,
488
.
CHAPTER II
Indian History—Legend and Reality
493