144
. The futile sacrifice of the daughter of Aristodemus,
146
. The hero Aristomenes and the Second Messenian War,
147
. The poet Tyrtæus,
149
.
CHAPTER VIII
The Ionians
(
ca.
650-630
B.C.
)
152
Origin and early history of Athens,
154
. King Ægeus,
155
. Theseus,
158
. Rise of popular liberty,
162
. Draco, the lawgiver,
164
.
CHAPTER IX
Some Characteristic Institutions
(884-590
B.C.
)
167
The oracle at Delphi,
170
. National festivals,
170
. The Olympian games,
172
. Character of the games,
173
. Monarchies and oligarchies,
175
. Tyrannies,
177
. Democracies,
179
.
CHAPTER X
The Smaller Cities and States
181
Arcadia, Ellis, and Achaia,
181
. Argos, Ægina, and Epidaurus,
182
. Sicyon and Megara,
184
. Bœotia, Locris, Phocis, and Eubœa,
187
. Thessaly,
189
. Corinth under Periander,
191
.
CHAPTER XI
Crete and the Colonies
194
Beloch’s account of Greek colonisation,
198
.
CHAPTER XII
Solon the Lawgiver
(
ca.
638-558
B.C.
)
207
The life and laws of Solon according to Plutarch,
209
. The law concerning debts,
213
. Class legislation,
215
. Miscellaneous laws; the rights of women,
216
. Results of Solon’s legislation,
217
. Solon’s journey and return; Pisistratus,
219
. A modern view of Solonian laws and constitution,
220
.
CHAPTER XIII
Pisistratus the Tyrant
(550-527
B.C.
)
222
The virtues of Pisistratus’ rule,
226
.
CHAPTER XIV
Democracy Established at Athens
(514-490
B.C.
)
231
Clisthenes, the reformer,
236
. Ostracism,
245
. The democracy established,
251
. Trouble with Thebes,
252
.
CHAPTER XV
The First Foreign Invasion
(506-490
B.C.
)
261
The origin of animosity,
262
. The Ionic revolt,
264
. War with Ægina,
267
. The first invasion,
268
. Battle of Marathon,
272
. On the courage of the Greeks,
277
. If Darius had invaded Greece earlier,
279
.
CHAPTER XVI
Miltiades and the Alleged Fickleness of Republics
(489
B.C.
)
280
CHAPTER XVII
The Plans of Xerxes
(485-480
B.C.
)
285
Xerxes bridges the Hellespont,
295
. How the host marched,
297
. The size of Xerxes’ army,
301
.
CHAPTER XVIII
Proceedings in Greece from Marathon to Thermopylæ
(489-480
B.C.
)
305
Themistocles and Aristides,
306
. Congress at Corinth,
308
. The vale of Tempe,
313
. Xerxes reviews his host,
314
.
CHAPTER XIX
Thermopylæ
(480
B.C.
)
320
The famous story as told by Herodotus,
320
. Leonidas and his allies,
321
. Xerxes assails the pass,
323
. The treachery of Ephialtes,
323
. The final assault,
325
. Discrepant
accounts of the death of Leonidas,
327
. After Thermopylæ,
327
.
CHAPTER XX
The Battles of Artemisium and Salamis
(480
B.C.
)
330
Battle of Artemisium,
331
. Athens abandoned,
334
. The fleet at Salamis,
337
. Xerxes at Delphi,
338
. Athens taken,
339
. Xerxes inspects his fleet,
340
. Schemes of Themistocles,
342
. Battle of Salamis,
345
. The retreat of Xerxes,
348
. The spoils of victory,
351
. Syracusan victory over Carthage,
352
.
CHAPTER XXI
From Salamis to Mycale
(479
B.C.
)
353
Mardonius makes overtures to Athens,
354
. Mardonius moves on Athens,
356
. Athens appeals to Sparta,
357
. Mardonius destroys Athens and withdraws,
358
. A preliminary skirmish,
360
. Preparations for the battle of Platæa,
362
. Battle of Platæa,
366
. Mardonius falls and the day is won,
370
. After the battle,
371
. The Greeks attack Thebes,
373
. The flight of the Persian remnant,
374
. Contemporary affairs in Ionia,
374
. Battle of Mycale,
376
. After Mycale,
377
. A review of results,
379
. A glance forward,
379
.
CHAPTER XXII
The Aftermath of the War
(478-468
B.C.
)
382
Athens rebuilds her walls,
382
. The new Athens,
384
. The misconduct of Pausanias,
386
. Athens takes the leadership,
388
. The confederacy of Delos,
389
. The treason of Pausanias,
391
. Political changes at Athens,
394
. The downfall of Themistocles,
396
.
CHAPTER XXIII
The Growth of the Athenian Empire
(479-462
B.C.
)
402
The victories of Cimon,
408
. Mitford’s view of the period,
409
.
CHAPTER XXIV
The Rise of Pericles
(462-440
B.C.
)
416
The Areopagus,
420
. Cimon exiled,
423
. The war with Corinth,
424
. The Long Walls,
425
. Cimon recalled,
427
. The Five-Years’ Truce,
430
. The confederacy becomes an empire,
431
. Commencement of decline,
432
. The greatness of Pericles,
435
. A Greek federation planned,
436
.
CHAPTER XXV
Athens at War
(440-432
B.C.
)
438
The Samian War,
438
. The war with Corcyra,
439
. The war with Potidæa and
Macedonia,
444
.
CHAPTER XXVI
Imperial Athens under Pericles
(460-430
B.C.
)
448
Judicial reforms of Pericles,
454
. Rhetors and sophists,
459
. Phidias accused,
461
. Aspasia at the bar,
462
. Anaxagoras also assailed,
463
.
CHAPTER XXVII
Manners and Customs of the Age of Pericles
(460-410
B.C.
)
465
Cost of living and wages,
465
. Schools, teachers, and books,
472
. The position of a wife in Athens,
473
.
CHAPTER XXVIII
Art of the Periclean Age
(460-410
B.C.
)
477
Architecture,