477
. Sculpture,
483
. Painting, music, etc.,
487
. The artists of the other cities of Hellas,
490
.
CHAPTER XXIX
Greek Literature
492
Oratory and lyric poetry,
492
. Tragedy,
497
. Comedy,
504
. The glory of Athens,
505
.
CHAPTER XXX
The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War
(432-431
B.C.
)
508
Our sources,
508
. The origin of the war,
510
. Preparations for the conflict,
517
. The surprise of Platæa,
522
. Pericles’ reconcentration policy,
526
. The first year’s ravage,
527
.
CHAPTER XXXI
The Plague; and the Death of Pericles
(431-429
B.C.
)
535
The oration of Pericles,
535
. Thucydides’ account of the plague,
539
. Last public speech of Pericles,
545
. The end and glory of Pericles,
548
. Wilhelm Oncken’s estimate of Pericles,
551
.
CHAPTER XXXII
The Second and Third Years of the Peloponnesian War
(429-428
B.C.
)
554
The Spartans and Thebans attack Platæa,
556
. Part of the Platæans escape; the
rest capitulate,
557
. Naval and other combats,
560
.
CHAPTER XXXIII
The Fourth to the Tenth Years—and Peace
(428-421
B.C.
)
566
The revolt of Mytilene,
566
. Thucydides’ account of the revolt of Corcyra,
570
. Demosthenes and Sphacteria,
575
. Further Athenian successes,
579
. A check to Athens; Brasidas becomes aggressive,
580
. The banishment of Thucydides,
581
. A truce declared; two treaties of peace,
582
.
CHAPTER XXXIV
The Rise of Alcibiades
(450-416
B.C.
)
584
CHAPTER XXXV
The Sicilian Expedition
(481-413
B.C.
)
591
Sicilian history,
591
. The mutilation of the Hermæ,
596
. The fleet sails,
599
. Alcibiades takes flight,
601
. Nicias tries strategy,
602
. Spartan aid,
604
. Alcibiades against Athens,
605
. Athenian reinforcements,
606
. Athenian disaster,
608
. Thucydides’ famous account of the final disasters,
610
. Demosthenes surrenders his detachment,
613
. Nicias parleys, fights, and surrenders,
614
. The fate of the captives,
615
.
CHAPTER XXXVI
Close of the Peloponnesian War
(425-404
B.C.
)
617
Athens after the Sicilian débâcle,
617
. Alcibiades again to the fore,
620
. The overthrow of the democracy; the Four Hundred,
624
. The revolt from the Four Hundred,
627
. The triumphs of Alcibiades,
630
. Alcibiades in disfavour again,
633
. Conon wins at Arginusæ,
634
. The trial of the generals,
636
. Battle of Ægospotami,
638
. The fall of Athens,
640
. A review of the war,
642
. Grote’s estimate of the Athenian Empire,
644
.
Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters
647
PART IX
THE HISTORY OF GREECE
BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE FOLLOWING AUTHORITIES
ARRIAN, JULIUS BELOCH, A. BŒCKH, JOHN B. BURY, GEORG BUSOLT,
H. F. CLINTON, GEORGE W. COX, ERNST CURTIUS, HERMANN
DIELS, DIODORUS SICULUS, JOHANN G. DROYSEN,
GEORGE GROTE, HERODOTUS, GUSTAV F.
HERTZBERG, ADOLF HOLM,
JUSTIN, JOHN P. MAHAFFY, EDUARD MEYER, WILLIAM MITFORD, ULRICH VON
WILAMOWITZ-MÖLLENDORFF, KARL O. MÜLLER, CORNELIUS NEPOS,
PAUSANIAS, PLATO, PLUTARCH, QUINTUS CURTIUS,
HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN, STRABO, CONNOP
THIRLWALL, THUCYDIDES, XENOPHON
TOGETHER WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON
THE SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEK HISTORY
BY
EDUARD MEYER
A STUDY OF
THE EVOLUTION OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY
BY
HERMANN DIELS
AND A CHARACTERISATION OF
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HELLENIC SPIRIT
BY
ULRICH VON WILAMOWITZ-MÖLLENDORFF
WITH ADDITIONAL CITATIONS FROM
CLAUDIUS ÆLIANUS, ANAXIMENES, APPIANUS ALEXANDRINUS, ARISTOBULUS, ARISTOPHANES, ARISTOTLE, W. ASSMANN, W. BELOE, E. G. E. L. BULWER-LYTTON, CALLISTHENES, CICERO, E. S. CREASY, CONSTANTINE VII (PORYPHYROGENITUS), DEMOSTHENES, W. DRUMANN, VICTOR DURUY, ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, EUGAMON, EURIPIDES, EUTROPIUS, G. H. A. EWALD, J. L. F. F. FLATHE, E. A. FREEMAN, A. FURTWÄNGLER AND LÖSCHKE, P. GARDNER, J. GILLIES, W. E. GLADSTONE, O. GOLDSMITH, H. GOLL, J. DE LA GRAVIÈRE, G. B. GRUNDY, H. R. HALL, G. W. F. HEGEL, W. HELBIG, D. G. HOGARTH, ISOCRATES, R. C. JEBB, JOSEPHUS, F. C. R. KRUSE, P. H. LARCHER, W. M. LEAKE, E. LERMINIER, LIVY, LYSIAS, J. C. F. MANSO, L. MÉNARD, H. H. MILMAN, J. A. R. MUNRO, B. G. NIEBUHR, W. ONCKEN, L. A. PRÉVOST-PARADOL, GEORGE PERROT AND CHARLES CHIPIEZ, PHILOSTEPHANUS, PIGORINI, PHOTIUS, R. POHLMAN, POLYBIUS, J. POTTER, PTOLEMY LAGI, JAMES RENNEL, W. RIDGEWAY, K. RITTER, C. ROLLIN, J. RUSKIN, F. C. SCHLOSSER, W. SCHORN, C. SCHUCHARDT, S. SHARPE, G. SMITH, W. SMYTH, E. VON STERN, THEOGNIS, THEOPOMPUS, L. A. THIERS, C. TSOUNTAS AND J. IRVING MANATT, TYRTÆUS, W. H. WADDINGTON, G. WEBER, B. I. WHEELER, F. A. WOLF, XANTHUS
Copyright, 1904,
By HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS
All rights reserved
THE SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEK HISTORY
Written Specially for the Present Work
By Dr. EDUARD MEYER
Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin
The history of Greek civilisation forms the centre of the history of antiquity. In the East, advanced civilisations with settled states had existed for thousands of years; and as the populations of Western Asia and of Egypt gradually came into closer political relations, these civilisations, in spite of all local differences in customs, religion, and habits of thought, gradually grew together into a uniform sphere of culture. This development reached its culmination in the rise of the great Persian universal monarchy, the “kingdom of the lands,” i.e. “of the world.” But from the very beginning these oriental civilisations are so completely dominated by the effort to maintain what has been won that all progress beyond this point is prevented. And although we can distinguish an individual, active, and progressive intellectual movement among many nations,—as in Egypt, among the Iranians and Indians, while among the Babylonians and Phœnicians nothing of the sort is thus far known,—nevertheless the forces that represent tradition are in the end everywhere victorious over it and force it to bow to their yoke. Hence, all oriental civilisations culminate in the creation of a theological system which governs all the relations and the whole field of thought of man, and is everywhere recognised as having existed from all eternity and as being inviolable to all future time.