. Fall of the decemvirate,
138
. The Canuleian Law,
140
. External wars,
142
. Legends of the Volscian and Æquian wars,
145
. Coriolanus and the Volscians,
145
. Critical examination of the story of Coriolanus,
148
. Cincinnatus and the Æquians,
149
. Critical examination of the story of Cincinnatus,
151
. The Fabian Gens and the Veientines,
152
.
CHAPTER VII
The Invasion of the Gauls and its Sequel
(391-351
B.C.
)
154
The Gauls,
155
. Livy’s account of the Gauls in Rome,
156
. Other accounts of the departure of the Gauls,
165
. Niebuhr on the conduct of the Romans,
166
. Sequel of the Gallic War,
167
. The Licinian rogations,
170
. Equalisation of the two orders,
172
. External affairs,
175
.
CHAPTER VIII
The Conquest of Central Italy
(423-280
B.C.
)
178
The Samnites,
178
. The First Samnite War,
180
. The Latin War,
183
. The Second Samnite War,
186
. The Third Samnite and Etruscan wars,
194
. Lucanian, Gallic, and Etruscan wars,
199
.
CHAPTER IX
The Completion of the Italian Conquest
(281-265
B.C.
)
201
Pyrrhus in Italy,
203
. The final reduction of Italy,
209
. Government of the acquired territory,
210
. Prefectures; municipalities,
211
. Colonies; free and confederate states,
212
.
CHAPTER X
The First Punic War
(326-218
B.C.
)
215
Causes of the First Punic War,
217
. The war begins,
219
. First period,
219
. Second period,
221
. Polybius’ account of Roman affairs,
224
. Third period,
230
. Events between the First and Second Punic wars,
233
. Hamilcar and Hannibal,
237
.
CHAPTER XI
First Half of the Second Punic War
(218-211
B.C.
)
241
First period,
241
. Polybius’ account of the crossing of the Alps,
244
. Hannibal in Italy,
249
. Second period,
260
.
CHAPTER XII
Close of the Second Punic War
(210-202
B.C.
)
269
Third period,
269
. The death of Hasdrubal described by Polybius,
276
. Rejoicing at Rome; Nero’s inhumanity and triumph,
277
. The fourth and last period of the war,
278
. The character of Scipio,
278
. Scipio in Spain,
279
. Scipio returns to Rome,
283
. Scipio invades Africa,
284
. The battle of Zama described by Polybius,
287
. Terms dictated to Carthage; Scipio’s triumph,
292
. An estimate of Hannibal,
294
.
CHAPTER XIII
The Macedonian and Syriac Wars and the Third Punic War
(200-131
B.C.
)
296
The Macedonian War; war with Antiochus III,
296
. Affairs of Carthage,
304
. Outbreak of the Third Punic War,
305
. Appian’s account of the destruction of Carthage,
310
. The oration of Hasdrubal’s wife; Scipio’s moralising,
312
. Plundering the city,
313
. Sacrifices and the triumph,
314
. The Achæan War,
314
. Spanish wars: fall of Numantia,
317
. Florus on the fall of Numantia,
321
. First Slave War in Sicily,
322
. The war against the slaves,
325
.
CHAPTER XIV
Civilisation at the End of the Period of Conquest
327
Organisation of the government,
327
. The army,
329
. Polybius on Greek and Roman battle-orders,
329
. The senate,
332
. The centuriate assembly,
334
. The assembly of the tribes,
334
. Justice,
337
. Provincial government,
337
. Taxation,
338
. Social conditions: the aristocracy and the people,
340
. Slaves and freemen,
343
. The Roman family: women and marriage,
346
. Religion,
350
. Treatment of other nations,
355
. The fine arts,
355
. Literature,
358
.
CHAPTER XV
The Gracchi and their Reforms
(137-121
B.C.
)
359
Tiberius Gracchus,
359
. Return and death of Scipio the Younger,
366
. Caius Gracchus and his times,
371
.
CHAPTER XVI
The Jugurthine and Other Wars
(123-101
B.C.
)
381
The Jugurthine War,
383
. Sallust’s account of Jugurtha at Rome,
385
. A war of bribery,
387
. Metellus in command,
388
. Marius appears as commander,
389
. Plutarch on Jugurtha’s death,
391
. The Cimbrians and the Teutons,
392
. The Second Slave War,
399
.
CHAPTER XVII
The Beginning of Civil Strife
(102-88
B.C.
)
401
The sixth consulate of Marius,
402
. Claims of the Latins and Italians to the civitas,
405
. The Social War,
413
. Marius assumes the command,
415
.
CHAPTER XVIII
Marius and Sulla
(92-82
B.C.
)
420
The First Mithridatic War,
421
. The First Civil War,
422
. Ihne’s estimate of Marius,
431
. Sulla in Greece,
432
. The return of Sulla; and the Second Civil War,
434
. The proscriptions,
438
.
CHAPTER XIX
The Dictatorship of Sulla
(81-79
B.C.
)
442
Sulla’s legislation,
446
. Abdication of Sulla,
446
. Rome’s debt to Sulla,
448
. The Roman provinces,
450
. The career of Verres,
454
.
CHAPTER XX
The Rise of Pompey
(78-61
B.C.
)
457
Lepidus and Sertorius,
457
. The war of the Gladiators,
460
. The consulship of Pompey and Crassus,
461
. Pompey subdues the Cilician pirates,
464
. The Second and Third Mithridatic wars,
467
. The Armenian War,
469
. The end of Mithridates,
473
. Pompey in Jerusalem,
474
.
CHAPTER XXI
The Conspiracy of Catiline
(67-61
B.C.
)
475
Marcus Porcius Cato,
475
. Caius Julius Cæsar,
477
. L. Sergius Catilina and his times,
480
. The conspiracy,
483
. Cæsar and the conspiracy,
488
. The rise of Julius Cæsar,
494
. The return of Pompey,
497
.
CHAPTER XXII
Cæsar and Pompey
(60-50
B.C.
)
501
The first triumvirate,
501
. Clodius exiles Cicero,
504
. The recall of Cicero,
506
. Second consulate of Pompey and Crassus,
508
. The Parthian War of Crassus,
509