Giesebrecht, F. W. B. von, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit, Brunswick, 1855-1888, 5 vols.—Gilbert, Otto, Geschichte und Topographie der Stadt Rom im Alterthum, Leipsic, 1883, 3 vols.—Gilman, A., General History of Rome (Story of the Nations), London and New York, 1886.—Goldsmith, Oliver, The History of Rome, from the Foundation of the City of Rome to the Destruction of the Western Empire, London, 1769; 1825, 2 vols. (A biographical notice of this author has been given in vol. IV, page 631.)—Gray, Elizabeth C. Hamilton, Tour to the Sepulchres of Etruria, London, 1840.—Greenidge, A. H. J., Roman Public Life, London, 1901.—Gregorovius, Ferdinand, Die Geschichte des römischen Kaisers Hadrian und seiner Zeit, Königsberg, 1851, reprinted under the title, Der Kaiser Hadrian, Gemälde der römisch-hellenischen Welt zu seiner Zeit, Stuttgart, 1884; Die Grabdenkmäler der Päbste, Leipsic, 1857; Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter, Stuttgart, 1859-1873, 8 vols.; 4th edition, 1886-1895; English translation, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages, London, 1894, 6 vols.; Italian translation ordered by municipal authorities of Rome, Storia della città di Roma nel medio evo, Venice, 1874-1876, 8 vols.
Ferdinand Gregorovius was born at Neidenburg, Prussia, January 19th, 1821. He studied theology at Königsberg, but a journey to Italy, in 1852, caused him to devote his future life to historical research. For his History of Rome in the Middle Ages, Gregorovius was granted the honorary citizenship of that city. He died at Munich, May 1st, 1891.
Grimm, J., Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer, Göttingen, 1828.—Grindle, G. E. A., The Destruction of Paganism in the Roman Empire, Oxford, 1892.—Gueldenpenning, A., Geschichte des oströmischen Reiches, Halle, 1885.—Guillot, C., Droit public romain, Mayenne, 1895.—Guirand, P., La différence entre César et le sénat, Paris, 1878.
Hadley, J., Introduction to Roman Law, New York and London, 1874.—Hagenback, K. R., Kirchengeschichte von der ältesten Zeit bis zum 19ten Jahrhundert, Leipsic, 1885, 7 vols.—Hahn, H., Jahrbücher des fränkischen Reiches 741-752, in Jahrbücher der Deutschen Geschichte, Berlin, 1863.—Hallam, H., The View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, London, 1818.—Hammer-Purgstall, J. von, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, Vienna, 1827-1834, 10 vols.—Hardie, W. R., Character and Genius of the Roman People, London, 1895.—Harnack, A., Zur Quellenkritik der Geschichte des Gnosticismus, Leipsic, 1873; Die Zeit des Ignatius und die Chronologie der antiochenischen Bischöfe, Leipsic, 1878; Das Mönchtum, Seine Ideale und Geschichte, Giessen, 1881; 4th edition, 1895; Geschichte der altschriftlichen Litteratur bis Eusebius, Leipsic, 1893; Das Christentum und die Geschichte, Leipsic, 1896; Hauréau, J. B., Charlemagne et sa cour, Paris, 1852-1855.—Hegel, G. W. F., Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Geschichte, Berlin, 1833, 8 vols.; English translation by J. Sibree, Lectures on the Philosophy of History, London, 1857.—Hegel, R., Geschichte der Städteverfassung von Italien, Leipsic, 1847, 2 vols.—Hemans, C., Historical and Monumental Rome, London, 1874.—Herbert, W., Attila, King of the Huns, London, 1838. (An epic poem in twelve books, containing also an historical treatise on Attila and his predecessors.)—Hertzberg, G. F., Geschichte Griechenlands unter der Herrschaft der Römer, Berlin, 1875; Geschichte des römischen Kaiserreiches, Berlin, 1880-1882; Geschichte der Byzantiner und des osmanischen Reiches, Berlin, 1882-1884; Geschichte der Römer im Alterthum, Berlin, 1885.—Herzog, E. von, Geschichte und System der römischen Staatsverfassung, Tübingen, 1884-1891, 2 vols.—Heyd, Wilhelm von, Geschichte des Levantehandels im Mittelalter, Leipsic, 1885-1886.—Heyne, C. G., Antiquitates Byzantinæ, 1808-1811.—Hirsch, F., Das Herzogtum Benevent bis zum Untergang des Langobardenreiches, Leipsic, 1847.—Hirschfeld, H. O., Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiete der römischen Verwaltungsgeschichte, Berlin, 1877; Zur Geschichte des lateinischen Rechts, Berlin, 1879; Inscriptiones Galliæ Narbonensis Latinæ, Berlin, 1888; Timagones und die gallische Wanderung, in the Sitzungsbericht der Berliner Akademie, Berlin, 1894.
Otto Hirschfeld, a distinguished German historian and epigraphist, was born March 16, 1843, at Königsberg, Prussia. After pursuing philological and historical studies at the universities of Bonn and Berlin, he was engaged in epigraphical and historical research in Italy from 1865 to 1867. He was successively professor at Prague, Vienna, and Berlin, and has for many years been director of the Institute of Archæology at Berlin. In addition to several important historical works of his own production, he has collaborated with Mommsen in the Ephemeris epigraphica, and has contributed largely to the Corpus inscriptionum latinarum and the Inscriptiones Gallicæ Narbonensis latinæ.
Hodgkin, Thomas, Vandals, article in the Ninth Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica; The Dynasty of Theodosius, Oxford, 1889; Italy and her Invaders, Oxford, 1880-1889, 7 vols.; 1899, 8 vols.; Life of Theodoric, Oxford, 1891; Charles the Great, London, 1899.—Hœck, K., Römische Geschichte vom Verfall der Republik bis zur Vollendung der Monarchie unter Constantin, Göttingen, 1841.—How, W. W. (in collaboration with H. D. Leigh), A History of Rome to the Death of Cæsar, London.—Howorth, H. H., The Westerly Drifting of Nomads, article in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. V, London, 1874.—Hullman, K. D., Geschichte des byzantinischen Handels, Frankfort, 1808.
Ihne, W., Römische Geschichte, Leipsic, 1868-1890, 8 vols.; English translation by the author, The History of Rome, London, 1871-1882, 5 vols.; Rome: to its Capture by the Gauls, London, 1878.
Wilhelm Ihne, German philologist and classical historian, was born February 2nd, 1821, at Fürth. He spent several years in England as a teacher and has, since 1863, been professor at Heidelberg. Ihne’s history deals with the early period of Rome up to the time when Augustus became sole ruler. It is addressed to a general audience, and consequently the author attempts to establish his position in a generally comprehensible manner. He succeeds better in his undertaking when he reaches the ground of more reliable tradition where he is not obliged to clothe difficult critical analysis in popular garb. The author takes a wholly unprejudiced stand, examining all evidence, separating fact from conjecture, and leaving the reader to form his own judgment. The work is marked by sound common sense.