VOLUME VII
PAGE
BOOK I. THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE EAST
Introductory Essay. A Survey of the History of the Middle Ages.
By James T. Shotwell, Ph.D.
xiii
History in Outline of the Later Roman Empire in the East
1
CHAPTER I
The Reign of Arcadius
(395-408
A.D.
)
25
A comparison of the two empires,
25
. Greatness of Constantinople,
28
. The East and the West,
30
. Alaric’s revolt,
30
. Eutropius the Eunuch,
33
. Tribigild the Ostrogoth; the fall of Eutropius,
35
. St. John Chrysostom,
39
.
CHAPTER II
Reign of Theodosius the Younger to the Elevation of Justinian
(408-527
A.D.
)
42
The Huns,
45
. Ammianus Marcellinus describes the Huns,
47
. Attila, king of the Huns,
48
. The diplomacy of Attila,
54
. Attempt to assassinate Attila,
58
. Successors of Theodosius,
60
.
CHAPTER III
Justinian and Theodora
(525-548
A.D.
)
66
The factions of the Circus,
69
. Avarice and profession of Justinian,
74
. The building of St. Sophia,
79
. Other buildings of Justinian,
81
. Fortifications,
82
. Suppression of the schools,
85
. Extinction of the Roman consulship,
87
. The Vandalic War,
87
. Belisarius,
89
. Belisarius enters Carthage,
92
. Triumph and meekness of Belisarius,
96
. Solomon’s wars with the Moors,
98
. Military tactics under Justinian,
100
. Decadence of the soldiery,
103
.
CHAPTER IV
The Later Years of Justinian’s Reign
(535-565
A.D.
)
106
Byzantium rids Rome of the Goths,
106
. Finlay’s estimate of Belisarius,
109
. The Goths renew the war,
110
. Belisarius in Rome,
111
. Gibbon’s estimate of Belisarius and his times,
113
. Barbaric inroads,
114
. Slavic incursions,
116
. Turks and Avars,
119
. Relations of the Roman Empire with Persia,
121
. The revolt in Africa,
124
. Invasion of the Cotrigur Huns,
127
. End of Belisarius,
129
. Death of Justinian,
130
. Justinian as a legislator,
131
. Bury’s estimate of Justinian,
136
.
CHAPTER V
Reign of Justin II to Heraclius
(565-629
A.D.
)
137
Reign of Tiberius,
140
. The Emperor Maurice,
142
. The Persian War,
143
. The Avars,
147
. State of the Roman armies,
150
. Rebellion against Maurice,
151
. Phocas emperor,
153
. Heraclius emperor,
155
. Heraclius plans to remove the capital to Carthage,
158
. The awakening of Heraclius,
159
. Triumph of Heraclius,
162
. The siege of Constantinople,
164
. Third expedition of Heraclius,
165
. Battle of Nineveh,
166
. The end of Chosroes,
167
.
CHAPTER VI
Heraclius and his Successors
(610-717
A.D.
)
170
The provinces under Heraclius,
173
. Barriers against the Northern barbarians,
176
. Religious activities of Heraclius,
177
. Wars with the Mohammedans,
179
. The reign of Constans II,
182
. Religious feuds,
183
. The growing danger from the Saracens,
184
. Reign of Constantine IV,
186
. Saracen wars and siege of Constantinople,
187
. Justinian II,
189
. The government of Leontius,
192
. Justinian recovers the throne,
193
. Anarchy,
194
.
CHAPTER VII
Leo the Isaurian to Joannes Zimisces
(717-969
A.D.
)
197
Leo (III) the Isaurian,
201
. The siege of Constantinople,
202
. Revolt against Leo,
205
. The Iconoclasts,
207
. Iconoclasm after Leo,
209
. The reign of Constantine (V) Copronymus,
210
. Government of Copronymus; the Saracen wars,
211
. Wars with Bulgaria,
212
. Council of 754,
214
. Leo IV and Constantine VI,
215
. The empress Irene,
216
. Irene and iconoclasm,
217
. End of Byzantine authority at Rome,
219
. Nicephorus and Michael I,
220
. Leo the Armenian,
221
. The Amorian dynasty (820-867
A.D.
): Michael II,
222
. Theophilus,
222
. Theodora and Michael the Drunkard,
223
. The Basilian or Macedonian dynasty (867-1057
A.D.
): Basil,
225
. Leo (VI) the Philosopher,
228
. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus,
228
. Romanus Lecapenus,
229
. Romanus II,
230
. Nicephorus Phocas,
231
. The wars of Nicephorus,
231
.
CHAPTER VIII
Glory and Decline of the Empire
(969-1204
A.D.
)
235
The Russian war,
237
. War with the Saracens,
241
. The apex of glory,
242
. Basil II and his successors,
243
. Separation of Greek and Latin churches,
250
. The Comneni,
251
. Romanus in the field,
253
. Captivity of the emperor,
255
. The sons of Constantine XI and Nicephorus III,
257
. Anna Comnena’s history,
259
. Troubles of Alexius,
259
. The Norman invasion,
260
. Joannes (II) Comnenus (Calo-Joannes),
263
. Manuel I,
264
. The adventures of Andronicus,
266
. Alexius II,
269
. Andronicus I emperor,
270
. Gibbon’s review of the emperors,
271
. Isaac (II) Angelus,
273
. Intervention of the crusaders,
273
. The capture of Constantinople,
275
. Second capture, and sack of the city,
278
.
CHAPTER IX
The Latin Empire
(1204-1261
A.D.
)
282
The election of an emperor,
283
. Baldwin crowned,
284
. Division of the territory,
285
. The pope acknowledged,
286
. Fate of the royal fugitives,
287
. Baldwin quarrels with Boniface,
288
. Other conquests,
290
. The Bulgarian War,
291
. Defeat of the Latins,
292
. The fate of Baldwin,
295
. Henry of Hainault,
296
. Pierre de Courtenai and Robert of Namur,
298
. Jean de Brienne,
299
. Baldwin II,
300
. The crown of thorns,
300
. Progress of the Greeks,
301
. Constantinople recovered by the Greeks,
302
.
CHAPTER X
The Restoration of the Greek Empire
(1204-1391
A.D.
)
304
Theodore (I) Lascaris and Joannes Vatatzes,
304
. Theodore (II) Lascaris and Joannes (IV) Lascaris,
305
. Michael (VIII) Palæologus,
305
. Michael Palæologus crowned emperor,
307
. Return and rule of the Greek emperor,