308
. The provinces of the empire,
311
. Andronicus II,
317
. The Catalan Grand Company,
320
. The duchy of Athens,
322
. Walter de Brienne and Cephisus,
322
. Andronicus II to the restoration of the Palæologi,
323
. The crusade of the fourteenth century,
329
. The empire tributary to the Turks,
330
.
CHAPTER XI
Manuel II to the Fall of Constantinople
(1391-1453
A.D.
)
331
Manuel II,
331
. Reign of Joannes VII,
336
. Brief union of the Greek and Roman churches,
337
. Reign of Constantine XIII,
338
. War with Muhammed,
340
. Church dissensions,
341
. Preparations for defence,
342
. The siege begins,
344
. The final assault,
349
. The sack of Constantinople,
352
. End of the Comneni and Palæologi,
356
.
Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters
359
BOOK II. THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE WEST
Introduction
361
CHAPTER I
Odoacer to the Triumph of Narses
(476-568
A.D.
)
377
The rise of Theodoric,
380
. The Goths move upon Italy,
383
. Theodoric the Great,
385
. Theodoric and the Church,
389
. The fate of Boethius and Symmachus,
391
. The troubles of Amalasuntha,
394
. Justinian intervenes,
396
. Witiges king of the Goths,
399
. Belisarius and the siege of Rome,
399
. Sufferings of the Romans,
402
. The pope deposed,
403
. A three months’ truce,
404
. Last efforts of the Goths,
405
. Jealousy of the Roman generals,
406
. A Frankish invasion,
407
. The test of Belisarius’ fidelity,
409
. The rise of Totila,
410
. Belisarius again in
Italy,
412
. Second siege of Rome,
413
. Totila captures Rome,
415
. Belisarius remantles the deserted city,
416
. Totila again takes Rome,
417
. Narses returns to Italy,
418
. Battle of Taginæ and death of Totila,
419
. Progress of Narses,
420
. Interference of the Franks,
422
. Battle of Capua, or the Vulturnus,
423
. End of Gothic sway,
424
.
CHAPTER II
Lombard Invasion to Liutprand’s Death
(568-744
A.D.
)
426
Early history of the Lombards,
426
. Their wanderings from the Elbe to the Danube,
427
. The Lombards in the region of the Danube,
429
. Wars with the Gepids,
431
. Alboin annihilates the Gepid power,
433
. Alboin plans to invade Italy,
434
. The end of Narses,
435
. The Lombards enter Italy,
436
. The end of Alboin,
437
. Extent of Lombard sway,
440
. The reign and wooing of Authari,
442
. Lombard government and law,
443
. The decay of Rome,
444
. The Lombard kings,
445
. Decline of the Lombard kingdom,
446
. Reign of Liutprand,
447
. Liutprand and Martel,
448
. Liutprand and the Italian powers,
449
. Liutprand, the pope, and Constantinople,
450
. Peace with Rome,
454
. Hodgkin’s estimate of Liutprand,
455
.
CHAPTER III
The Franks to the Time of Charles Martel
(55
B.C.
-732
A.D.
)
457
First conflicts with Rome,
460
. Franks in the Roman army,
462
. Early kings and the Salic Laws,
463
. The reign of Clovis,
466
. Clovis turns Christian,
469
. Successors of Clovis to Pepin,
477
. The rise of Pepin,
481
. Pepin of Heristal,
482
. The career of Charles Martel,
488
.
CHAPTER IV
Charles Martel to Charlemagne
(732-768
A.D.
)
497
The Saracens repelled,
498
. The affairs of Rome,
499
. The pope calls to Charles,
500
. Carloman and Pepin the Short,
502
. Pepin sole ruler,
504
. Secularisation,
506
. The anointing of Pepin,
507
. Lombard affairs,
509
. The pope visits Pepin,
511
. Pepin invades Italy,
513
. Second war with the Lombards,
513
. Desiderius made Lombard king,
515
. Pepin and the Aquitanians,
516
.
CHAPTER V
Charlemagne
(768-814
A.D.
)
520
His biography, by a contemporary,
520
. The Italian War,
523
. The Saxon War,
524
. The pass of Roncesvalles,
525
. Third visit to Italy,
526
. Bavarian War with Tassilo,
526
. Wars in the North and with the Avars,
527
. Danish War,
528
. Glory of Charlemagne,
528
. His family,
530
. His personal look and habits,
532
. His imperial title,
535
. His death,
535
. His will and testament,
537
. Giesebrecht on Charles the Great,
539
. The final subjugation of the Saxons,
543
. The imperial coronation,
544
. Administration and reforms of Charles,
546
. Last years of Charles,
552
. The legendary Charlemagne,
554
. The Monk of St. Gall’s story,
554
. Sheppard’s summary of the legends,
555
.
CHAPTER VI
Charlemagne’s Successors to the Treaty of Verdun
(814-843
A.D.
)
557
Louis le Débonnaire, or Pious,
557
. Humiliation of Louis,
560
. Louis returns to power,
561
. Last years of Louis,
563
. Quarrels of his successors,
565
. Charles the Bald and Ludwig the German unite,
566
. Lothair brought to terms,
569
. Oppression of the Saxon freemen,
570
. The Treaty of Verdun,
571
.
CHAPTER VII
The Birth of German Nationality
(843-936
A.D.
)
574
The reign of Ludwig the German,
575
. War with the Slavonic tribes,
576
. Ludwig turns against Charles the Bald,
577
. The end of Lothair,
578
. Ludwig and Charles divide Lothair’s possessions,
580
. Last years of Ludwig the German,
580
. The sons of Ludwig the German; Charles the Fat,
582
. Ludwig the Younger,
583
. Ravages of the Northmen,
586
. Charles the Fat,
587
. Arnulf,
589
. Arnulf enters Italy,
591
. The Babenberg feud,
593
. The Hungarian invasions,
594
. Conrad I,
595
. Reign of Henry (I) the Fowler,
598
. The unification of the empire,
599
. Wars against outer enemies,
601
.
CHAPTER VIII
Otto the Great and his Successors
(936-1024
A.D.
)
608
The coronation of Otto I,
608
. The overthrow of the Stem duchies,
609
. The tenth-century renaissance,
610
. The strengthening of the marks,
613
. Victory over the Magyars and Wends,