Miranda leaned forward on her elbows. “What makes you say that?”
“A colleague of mine did some excavation at Qumran,” he said. “The place where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found. Someone from this place — this so-called institute — didn’t like a journal article she published. They attacked her work, tried to destroy her credibility. They even made threats against her. Very unpleasant.”
“Thanks for the heads-up,” I said, stuffing the letter back in my jacket.
“But we digress,” Miranda reminded me. “C-14?”
“Oh, right.” I spooned another dollop of sauce from the bowl. “Yum. If — and mind you, this strikes me as a mighty big if — if the bones from the Palace of the Popes are two thousand years old, the C-14 report will say something like ‘two thousand BP plus or minus one hundred.’ That means ‘two thousand years before the present, with a one-hundred-year margin of uncertainty either way.’ Wiggle room, in other words. So the two-thousand-year-old bones could be as old as twenty-one hundred years or as young as nineteen hundred.”
“Actually,” Stefan said, “we should be able to get closer than a hundred years. If it’s a good sample, an AMS test — accelerator mass spectrometry — can tell us the age plus or minus forty years.”
“Wowzer,” Miranda marveled. “I’m used to time-since-death estimates of days or weeks, not millennia. How does it do that?” It was one of Miranda’s favorite multipurpose utterances; sometimes it meant “Explain, please,” but sometimes — in response to, say, a 3-D laser hologram or a fiery sunset — it meant simply “That’s amazing!”
Stefan laid down the Corsican grilled cheese sandwich he’d been nibbling on, and he smiled the smile of a man who loves hearing himself explain things. “The machine, the spectrometer, counts the carbon atoms in the sample,” he said, “and it calculates the ratio of three different isotopes — three different forms of carbon. The ratio of those isotopes is like a signature…” He trailed off, frowning, then held up a finger, recalibrating his explanation, and resumed. “Non, the ratio is like a time stamp — the time stamp on an e-mail or a security-camera photo — that we can match to the ratio in the atmosphere at any point in time.”
“Call me dense,” Miranda persisted, “but how do you know what the ratio in the air was two thousand years ago?”
“Ah,” he beamed, “because the rings in trees have recorded the ratio in the air, year by year. And we have analyzed tree rings all the way back to ten thousand years ago.”
“We have?” Miranda arched her eyebrows. “We, you and I? Or we, you and other people?”
Stefan’s eyes narrowed in annoyance. “We, the scientific community,” he said testily. I dabbed at my mouth with my napkin, hiding my smile. “So when we find which tree ring has the same ratio as the bones, voilà, we know that the man died the same year the tree ring was formed.”
“I like it,” Miranda said. “An atomic stopwatch. A wood-burning atomic stopwatch. And it’s really that accurate, that reliable?”
“Oui, sure. You know the Shroud of Turin, the so-called burial cloth of Jesus?” Miranda and I both nodded. “You remember when the fabric from it was carbon-dated?”
“I remember that,” I said, “but Miranda was probably still in diapers. Wasn’t that, like, twenty years ago?”
“It was in 1988,” Stefan preened.
“I’ll have you know I was wearing big-girl pants in 1988,” Miranda said. “But I was too busy watching Sesame Street to tune in to the Vatican News Network.”
“So,” Stefan began, warming up for another mini-lecture. “Millions of people believe the Shroud of Turin is two thousand years old, oui?” God, I thought, he does love to hear himself talk. Was it just his smugness I objected to? Or was I jealous of him at some level — resentful of his tightness with Miranda, afraid he was taking my place in her esteem? Whatever the reason, I was starting to wish I hadn’t agreed to stay on and help the two of them. “But it was seen for the first time,” he went on, “the first time we can be sure of, anyway, here in France, in 1357. The C-14 samples were cut—”
“Wait, wait,” Miranda interrupted. “The Shroud of Turin started out as the Shroud of France? No kidding?”
“No kidding,” he said impatiently. “It was first shown in the village of Lirey, near Paris, in 1357. But the believers say non, the Shroud is much older than 1357. So finally, in 1988, the Vatican allows scientists to make a C-14 test. A small bit of the cloth is cut from one corner”—he made a snipping motion with his fingers—“and pieces are sent to three different laboratories. And voilà, all three labs say the same thing: The Shroud is from the fourteenth century.” He smiled wickedly as he pointed at me. “Ha! From the same century as Bill!” Miranda giggled, and my face flushed.
I pushed back from the table. “You know what, guys? Ancient relic that I am, I’m really beat,” I said.
“Oh come on, Dr. B,” Miranda cajoled, looking contrite. “It was a joke. Don’t leave.”
I waved off any further conversation. “It’s okay. Stay; enjoy your dessert. I can find my way back from here.”
That much was true — I had no trouble finding my way back. It was finding my way forward that seemed difficult at the moment.
CHAPTER 4
I peered over Miranda’s shoulder at the screen of her laptop. “Okay,” I said, “push the button. Let’s see what the verdict is.”
It was nearly noon, though no speck of sunlight could penetrate the depths of the palace’s subterranean subtreasury. We’d spent the morning taking measurements of the bones, a task that was tedious, time-consuming, and therefore welcome: a convenient excuse to ignore how awkwardly dinner had ended.
Miranda had keyed dozens of measurements into her laptop, and was running ForDisc, software we’d developed at UT to compare unknown bones with our forensic data bank, which included thousands of skeletons whose sex, race, and stature were known. Might ForDisc shed light on the racial and geographic origin of our John Doe — or Jesus Doe?
Miranda scrolled the cursor and clicked. “Gee, here’s a shocker,” she said. “It’s a dude.” I laughed; given the robustness of the skull and the narrowness of the pelvis, there’d been no doubt in my mind that the skeleton was male. “Hmm,” she mused. “You measured the stature directly, right?”
“I did — head to heel — and added a bit to make up for the missing cartilage.”
“And what’d you get?”
“About one hundred sixty-six centimeters; five five.”
“Hmm,” she repeated. “ForDisc puts him at one hundred seventy-five centimeters — nearly five nine.”
“That’s odd. Really odd.” Could my tape measure be off — by four full inches? I stepped back and took another look at the skeleton. Suddenly I was struck by how unusual the proportions were — an anomaly I’d registered subconsciously but had failed to appreciate fully. “Look how long of limb and short of trunk he is,” I said to Miranda and Stefan. “This guy was like a human stork.” ForDisc estimated stature by extrapolating from femur and tibia length, and normally that formula was quite accurate. But the formula was fooled by a leggy guy like this — a reminder that it’s the exceptions and outliers that make life interesting and keep science challenging.