Altman, Natan, 126, 178, 179, 227
Altschuler, Mordechai, 217
Amin, Idi, 38
Amitay, Morris, 357
Andropov, Yuri, 355
Anisfeld, Boris, 126
anti-Semitism, 207
Agursky on, 338, 339
and Bolsheviks, 310
in Brushtein, 347
as cause of exile, 23
and Christianity, 22, 310
condemnation of, 38
in Fiddler on the Roof, 326
Frankfurt School on, 87
in Germany, 70, 116
Gorky on, 186–87
and Great Terror, 273–74
in Haiti, 37
in Hungary, 116
as irredeemable bigotry, 366
and Jewish success, 52
in Leningrad, 253
and modernity of Jews, 63, 72
in Moscow, 253
and nationalism, 74
of Nazis, 2, 103, 286–91, 327, 337, 365, 366
and occupations, 72, 73
reasons for, 22
in Russian Empire, 108–10, 115, 116, 155–62, 166, 221, 360
of Shulgin, 181
in Soviet Union, 242–47, 248, 249, 250–51, 252–54, 289, 293, 294, 297–315, 318, 329, 331, 335–42, 355, 360
and Trotsky, 187
in Ukraine, 289
in United States, 262, 316, 326, 369. See also Holocaust; Jews; pogroms
Antokolsky, Mark, 126, 134
Apollo, 24, 26, 29–30
Apollonians/Apollonianism: in Babel, 188, 191–92
in Bolshevism, 212
character of, 212
communism of, 37
as cosmopolitan, 24
in Gorky, 164
in imperial Russia, 237–38
of Israel, 208
Jewish change into, 46
and Jewish nationalism, 101
Jews as antipodes of, 40
in Joyce, 77
and Marxism, 148
and Mercurianism, 24, 27–28, 29, 30–35
and modernity, 136, 137
nationalism of, 37
in Palestine, 209
and Roth, 317, 351
in Russian Empire, 106, 107
of Russian Federation, 361
of Russian Jewish intelligentsia, 140
and Samoilov, 281
in Soviet Union, 209, 237, 238, 254, 255
of State of Israel, 328, 364
of Trotsky, 265
in Zionism, 149, 212, 269
Aptekman, O. V., 146–47
Arabs, 31, 209, 365
Aramaic, 18, 20
Arany, Janós, 97
Arendt, Hannah, 77, 99
Armenian Amira, 6
Armenian Dashnaks, 273
Armenian Gregorians, 34
Armenians, 5, 6, 20, 121
corporate kinship among, 34
as entrepreneurs, 30
extermination of, 38
homeland of, 8
literacy among, 29
as models for modernity, 30
Ottoman massacres of, 166
as professionals, 30
revolutionary, 152
in Russian Empire, 6, 111, 115
in Soviet Union, 336
as traders, 34
Armstrong, John A., 112
Arnold, Matthew, 55, 65, 263
Aronson, Naum, 134–35
Arosev, A., The Notes of Terenty the Forgotten, 197–98
artisans, 28
and Prometheus, 8
Russian Jewish, 105, 115, 122, 155
segregation of, 10
as violators of norms, 23
arts, 63
European Jews in, 50, 51
Russian Jews in, 126
Soviet, 342–43
Soviet Jews in, 224, 225, 226, 329. See also culture
Asch, Sholem, 186
assimilation, 22, 60–64, 67–75, 96, 163, 207, 300, 361
Austria, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 62, 63, 85–86
Austro-Hungarian language, 64
Aven, Petr, 362
Averbukh, Susanna, 136
Axelrod, P. B., 151
Azbel, David, 345
Azerbaijanis, 273, 336
Babel, Isaak, 160–62, 304, 324
and Aliger, 282, 283
“Childhood. At Grandmother’s,” 130–31, 132–34
Cossacks in, 141, 188–89, 190
execution of, 271–72
father of, 139
on grandmother, 137–38
“Jewess,” 266
and Jews in Russian civil war, 174–75
on Pushkin, 135
and Red Army, 167, 169–70
Red Cavalry, 188–90
“The Road,” 172
and Roth, 317, 351
and Russian culture, 280
and Samoilov, 280, 281, 282
and secret police, 172, 190, 255
“The Story of My Dovecot,” 124
Bagritsky, Eduard (Dziubin), 168, 169, 172–73, 221, 227, 235, 282, 283
“February,” 200–203
“The Tale of Opanas,” 195–96
“TBC,” 198–99
Baitalsky, Mikhail, 196, 216, 221, 229–30, 272
Bakst, Léon (Lev Rozenberg), 126, 134
banking, 27, 35, 47–48, 49, 118, 120, 121, 126
Batum Oil Association, 121
Bauer, Otto, 85
Bavaria, 85, 92
Bedny, Demian, Warriors, 278
Begin, Menachem, 365
Beilin, Abram, 343–44
Beizer, Mikhail, 176–77
Bek, Aleksandr, The Volokolamsk Highway, 329
Belkin, Abram, 233
Belkin, M. I., 304
Bell, Daniel, 265
Belorussia, 218, 225, 336, 337
Belorussia-Lithuania, 117
Ben-Gurion, David, 211, 212, 213, 268, 291
Benjamin, Walter, 86, 216
Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, 204
Berdiaev, Nikolai, 91–92
Berezovsky, Boris, 362
Bergelson, David, 298, 299
Berlin Wall, fall of, 358
Berman, Jakub, 314
Berman, M. D., 199
Bernstein, Eduard, 85
Bezymensky, Aleksandr, 228
Biale, David, 365
Bible: on chosenness, 26
education in, 128
endogamy in, 12–13
intellect in, 26
and Joyce, 77
millenarianism in, 91–92
moneylending in, 9–10
and socialism, 94
Bikerman, I. M., 183, 185
Birnbaum, Solomon, 18–19
Birobidzhan, 248–49
Bismarck, Otto von, 49
Blake, William, 44
Blank, Aleksandr Dmitrievich, 245
Blank, Moshko Itskovich, 245
Bleichrsder, Gerson von, 49
Bleichrsder banking house, 47, 120
blood: Jews by, 286–88, 295, 301, 359
and purity/pollution, 21
in Soviet Union, 285
taboos on, 60. See also ethnicity; race
Boas, Franz, 98, 342
body, 1, 107, 225
purity of, 15–16, 41, 45, 56
Bogoraz, Larisa, 342
Bolkosky, Sidney, 69
Bolsheviks, 152, 162, 256
and anti-Semitism, 310
and Apollonianism, 212
on bourgeoisie, 173, 174, 184
and collective redemption, 211
defeat of, 334
and ethnicity, 173–74
Gorky on, 163
and Jewish Revolution, 180
and Jews, 169, 173, 175–88, 205, 338, 360
and Mercurianism, 173, 192
and Petrograd Soviet vs. Provisional Government, 334
and Russian avant-garde, 342
Russian language of, 276–77
and youth, 211–12. See also Jews (Soviet); Red Army; Russian Revolution
Bonner, Elena, 354
Boran people, 22
Borokhov, Ber, 204
Botvin, Mikhail, 226
Boulton, Marjorie, 98
bourgeoisie, 83
Bolsheviks on, 173, 174, 184
in Europe, 50
Frankfurt School on, 87
Kazin on, 214
purge of, 309
Russian revolutionaries on, 157
service nomadism as, 37
and Soviet Jews, 218, 219, 225, 299
Braz, Osip, 126, 135
Brenner, Joseph Hayyim, 73–74, 89, 209
Brest-Litovsk negotiations, 176
Brezhnev, Leonid, 334, 340, 355, 356
Brodsky, Isaak, 126
Brodsky, Joseph, 340, 342, 343
Brodsky, Lazar Izrailevich, 121
Bromberg, Ia. A., 208, 210–11, 213–14, 263
The West, Russia and the Jews, 183–84
Bronstein, David, 137
Bronstein, Lev Davydovich. See Trotsky, Leon (Lev Davydovich Bronstein)
brotherhood, 145, 148, 156
Brushtein, Alexandra, The Road Leads Off into the Distance, 347
Brutman, Semen, 191
Brym, Robert J., 341
Budapest, 48, 63
Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich, 200, 245, 270, 308, 313
Bukharitsyna, Parasha, 146
Bulatov, Erik, 343
Bulgakov, Mikhail, 243–44
Bund, 101, 128, 148, 151, 273
Burakumin, 10, 11
Burma, 33