Péter, Gábor, 304
Peters, Madison C., 56
Peterson, R. A., 249
Peter the Great, 111, 135, 332
Petőfi, Sándor, 67, 71, 97
Petrograd Soviet, 176, 334
Petrosian, Tigran, 338
Philippines, 33, 36, 38
philosophes, 66
physician. See medicine
Piedmont Principle, 274
Pinsky, Leonid, 233
Pisarev, D. I., “Progress in the World of Plants and Animals,” 145
Plautus, 239
Pobedonostsev, K., 156
pogroms, 155
Bikerman on, 183
in Kiev, 289
in Odessa, 159
and Red Army, 169
in Russian Empire, 116, 118, 166
of service nomads, 36
in Ukraine, 289
and Zionism, 149. See also anti-Semitism; violence
Poland: Jewish communists in, 89, 95–96, 98
Jewish professionals in, 50
Jews and culture of, 72
language in, 127
purge of Jews in, 314
Poles, 107, 299
emigration of to United States, 117
and Great Terror, 273
revolutionary, 152
and Russian civil war, 173
in Soviet Union, 336
Poliakov, Iakov Solomonovich, 119
Poliakov, Lazar, 119
Poliakov, Samuil, 120
Poliakov family, 121
police, Soviet secret: and anti-Semitism, 244
and Babel, 172, 190, 255
in Jabotinsky, 215
Jews in, 177, 221, 254–55, 304, 360
and Kogan, 235
and official orthodoxy, 306–7
Solzhenitsyn on, 360
and White Sea Canal, 199
Polisar, Khaim, 196, 221
Polish (language), 67
politics, 48
American Jews in, 369–70
nationalist vs. tribal, 322
Soviet Jews in, 224, 251–52, 272–75
in Soviet Union, 276–77. See also civil service
pollution. See purity/pollution
Pol Pot, 38
Popper, Karl, 63
populism, 141, 148, 150, 213
Portugal, 66, 327
Preuss, Hugo, 85
professions: of American Jews, 261, 315–16, 318, 350
and assimilation, 62, 63
diaspora Jews in, 1, 30
European Jews in, 49–52, 62, 63, 70–71, 72, 90, 91, 104
and Freudianism, 319
of Germans in Russian Empire, 112–13
liberal, 62, 63
and modernity, 142, 207, 332
and nationalism, 207
Russian Empire Jews in, 116, 118, 123–25, 143–44, 154, 158
Russian Federation Jews in, 362
and socialism, 207
and Soviet Communist Party, 306–7
Soviet Jews in, 224, 225, 226, 237, 301–8, 309, 314, 329, 335, 336
in Soviet Union, 237, 331–35
of United States, 207. See also occupation(s); specific professions
proletariat, 37, 100, 148, 163–64, 252, 263
Prometheus, 8, 23
Protestantism: American, 370
and American Jews, 263, 357, 359
in England, 65
and European Jews, 54, 56
and liberalism, 43–44
and Mercurianism, 33–34
and modernity, 41–42, 43
Peters on, 56
Sombart on, 54
and tribalism, 43
Weber on, 41, 42
Protestant Reformation, 65
Proust, Marcel, 76–77, 341
Prussia, 48, 49–50, 50
purity/pollution, 13, 15–16, 21, 41, 45, 56, 108, 109, 229, 314
Pushkin, Alexander: Babel on, 135
in communist culture, 98
death of, 74
devotion to, 127, 129, 131–32, 135, 136, 144, 172, 240, 343
Eugene Onegin, 240
and Jewish assimilation, 68
and modern culture, 71
as national messiah, 67
as national poet, 74
in rise of nationalism, 45
Samoilov on, 282
Sholem Aleichem as, 148, 247, 267
and Soviet cultural elite, 231, 232, 233, 239
and Soviet intelligentsia, 277
in United States, 213
Volin on, 279
Rabelais, François, 66, 240
Rabin, Oscar, 343
Rabin, Yitzhak, 120
Rabinovich, Isaak, 126
race, 58, 59
Chamberlain on, 52
Jacobs on, 53
and science, 103. See also blood; ethnicity; germ-plasm; nationality
Racine, Jean-Baptiste, 66
radicalism, 85–99. See also communism; revolution; socialism
Rafalkes-Nir, Nahum, 175
Rafalovich family, 119
Raikhman, L. F., 304
Rákosi, Mátyás, 314
Rappoport, Ya. D., 199
reason/rationality, 54, 55, 66, 77, 81, 93, 107, 156. See also intellect
Red Army, 167, 169–70, 176, 180. See also Bolsheviks; Russian Revolution
Red Terror, 178, 182, 308, 345
religion: and American Jews, 349–50
Chamberlain on, 52
critical theory as, 86–87
and Freudianism, 81, 82, 319, 321, 322
Gorky on, 163
Jacobs on, 53
and Jewish nationalism, 101, 102
Marxism as, 81, 322
and Mercurianism, 65
of modernity, 65
and nationalism, 1, 61, 67, 70, 101, 102
as private, 67
of Protestantism, 41
of Russian Federation Jews, 361
and Russian revolutionaries, 147
and Soviet Jews, 228
and Soviet New Economic Policy, 219
Soviet policy on, 246–47
Soviet revolt against, 220
tolerance of difference in, 46
and tribalism, 321
in United States, 67, 207
universalist, 21, 24. See also messianism; millenarianism
Renaissance, 64–65, 66
Renner, Karl, 85
revolution: Benjamin on, 216
Gorky on, 164
in Jabotinsky, 215
Jewish, 3, 92, 167, 180, 203, 211, 220, 263, 282, 319, 326, 331, 360
Jewish success at, 118
religion in, 147
Russian, 167, 175, 199, 326, 360
and Russian Jews, 144, 149–55, 156–58, 160, 167, 178, 339
scientific, 64
in Sholem Aleichem, 204
and Soviet elite, 234, 236
and Soviet intelligentsia, 277
and Soviet Union, 275. See also Bolsheviks; radicalism
Ribicoff, Abraham A., 357
Richler, Mordechai, 316
Rieff, Philip, The Triumph of the Therapeutic, 321
Riumin, M. D., 306
Roizman, Matvei, 219, 220
Rom, 25, 27, 29. See also Gypsies
Romance languages, 18, 19
Romani (language), 16, 17, 18, 19
Romania, 314
Romanticism, 66, 75
Romm, M. I., 309–10
Rosenberg, Ethel, 304, 315
Rosenberg, Julius, 304, 315
Rosenfeld, Isaac, 264
Passage from Home, 266
Rosenzweig, Franz, 69, 93
Roshal, Semen, 179
Roth, Henry, Call It Sleep, 266
Roth, Philip, American Pastoral, 316–17, 350–51, 371
Rothman, Stanley, 349
Rothschild, James, 49
Rothschild banking house, 35, 47, 48, 49, 120, 121
Rozanov, Vasilii, 12
Roziner, Feliks, 210, 216, 273
Roziner-Rabinovich, Judit, 273
Rubin, Vitaly, 253–54
Rubinstein, W. D., 48
Russia and the Jews, 183
Russian (language), 67, 127–30, 276–77
Russian avant-garde, 342
Russian Empire: aliens in, 114–15, 166
anti-Semitism in, 108–10, 115, 116, 155–62, 166, 221, 360
Apollonians in, 237–38
Armenians in, 6, 111, 115
backwardness of, 143, 152
business in, 121
capitalism in, 123, 141, 153, 156, 162
Chaadaev on culture of, 66–67
Christianity in, 105, 115, 116, 146–47
culture of, 66–67, 69–70, 72, 105–10
demise of, 166
economy of, 115, 116, 123
education in, 69–70, 106, 111, 113, 123–25, 127–34, 140, 144–45, 147, 148
emancipation of serfs in, 115
emigration from, 122
equality in, 110, 115, 145, 148, 149, 154
Germans in, 111–14, 166, 237, 255
golden age of, 70
Gypsies in, 111
industry in, 118–19, 120, 121, 122, 123, 149, 152