* Obergefreiter * * —
* Gefreiter * Wachtmeister * —
SS-Sturmmann * Oberschütze * Rottwachtmeister * Private First Class
SS-Oberschütze * Schütze * Unterwachtmeister * Private
SS-Schütze * Gemeiner, Landser * Anwärter * Private Recruit
About the Author and the Translator
JONATHAN LITTELL was born in 1967 in New York of American parents but was raised and educated mostly in France. Previously he worked for the humanitarian agency Action contre la Faim, mainly in Bosnia, Chechnya, Afghanistan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. He now lives in Spain.
CHARLOTTE MANDELL has translated fiction, poetry, and philosophy from the French, including works by Proust, Flaubert, Genet, Maupassant, Blanchot, and other distinguished authors. Her translation of The Kindly Ones is the sole English-language version.
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