Hades, who came to the aid of the Pylians: but see Il. 5. 395–7, Heracles struck him ‘amongst the dead’; he was thus collecting the dead, cf. Pind. ol. 9. 33 ff., rather than fighting in the battle. Ap.’s account reflects a later misunderstanding. Heracles is said to have wounded Hera also ( Il. 5. 392; and Ares in Hes. Shield357 ff).
the son of Licymnios: Oionos (P. 3. 15. 4f.), said to have been the first Olympic victor in the foot-race (Pind. ol. 10. 64 ff). Licymnios, who went into exile with Amphitryon, p. 69, was the half-brother of Heracles’ mother, so Heracles was bound to avenge the murder of his son. This campaign is important dynastically because it caused Tyndareus to be restored to the Spartan throne. According to Pausanias, Heracles attacked at once in a fury, but was wounded and withdrew (3. 15. 5), and returned later with an army after he had been cured by Asclepios (3. 19. 7).
raped Auge . . . the daughter o/Aleos: Aleos was king of Tegea, and founder of the temple of Athene Alea (P. 8. 4. 8). The tradition is complex and contradictory; Ap. follows the Tegean temple legend, in which Heracles raped Auge by a fountain north of the temple, P. 8. 47. 4, as against the tradition in which he fathered the child in Asia Minor on the way to Troy (e.g. Hes. Cat. fr. 165). In another version of the Tegean story, the birth of Telephos resulted from a love affair (P. 8. 4. 8 f., after Hecataeus) rather than a rape.
by a plague: because of Auge’s sacrilegious use of the sacred precinct. When Ap. refers to this episode again on p. 116, he says that the sacrilege caused the land to become barren; Wagner’s suggestion that the original reading here was limoi, by a famine, rather than loimoi, by a plague, is quite plausible.
Telephos: the name is explained as a combination of thele(teat) and elaphos(deer).
Deianeira, the daughter of Oineus: see also p. 40; she was the sister of Meleager, who is said to have suggested the marriage to Heracles when they met in Hades (Bacch. 5. 165 ff., cf. sc. Il. 21. 194).
wrestled with Acheloos: strictly a river (the largest in Greece, flowing along the Acarnanian frontier of Aetolia for part of its course, and thus no great distance from Calydon), but river gods were thought to manifest themselves in the form of a bull. See also p. 113 and note.
that of Amaltheia: the cornucopia. Here Amaltheia is the nymph who fed the infant Zeus on milk from her goat (as against the goat itself on p. 28, cf. Hyg. PA13 for both versions). According to Zenobius, 2. 48, Zeus turned the goat into a constellation in gratitude, but gave one of its horns to the nymphs who had cared for him, endowing it with the power to produce whatever they wished; in that case, Amaltheia’s horn would not be a bull’s horn as stated here. DS 4. 35. 4 offers a rationalized account identifying it with the horn broken from Acheloos.
Ephyra: in Epirus, on the mainland in the north-west, not the Ephyra identified with Corinth.
Tlepolemos: see p. 93. For this episode, cf. DS 4. 36. 1,
of his sons: by the fifty daughters of Thespios, see p. 71; he made Iolaos the leader of the forty who colonized Sardinia (see further DS 4. 29. 3 ff. with P. 7. 2. 2 and 9. 23. 1).
killed Eunomos: he hit him harder than he had intended, cf. DS 4. 36. 2; according to P. 2. 13. 8, he was angry because the boy, there named Cyathos, had used water from the foot-bath.
Nessos had settled there: for how he came to be there, see p. 75.
if she wanted a love-potion: in reality it would be a dangerous poison because the blood from his wound was tainted by the hydra’s poison from Heracles’ arrows, see p. 90.
Theiodamas: compare the story on p. 82. In the present case, Theiodamas is not a simple herdsman (as might be inferred), but the king of the Dryopes (cf. AR 1. 1213 ff. with the sc. on 1212, reporting Pherecydes). AR remarks that Heracles took the ox to provoke a war with the Dryopes; and according to Pherecydes, he returned to his city after Heracles took his ox, and mounted an expedition against him, but he was eventually killed by Heracles, who captured his son Hylas (see p. 51) and transferred the Dryopes from the north to the frontiers of Phocis. See also DS 4. 37. 1 f., where the king is named Phylas.
Ceux: a son of one of Amphitryon’s brothers, and thus a relative of Heracles (sc. Soph. Track. 40; not the son of Heosphoros on p. 38, etc.); he later sheltered the sons of Heracles, p. 92. Heracles appeared in the Marriage of Ceux, a lost epic that the ancients attributed to Hesiod.
as an ally of Aigimios, king of the Dorians: during Heracles’ lifetime, the Dorians were still in their early home north of the Corinthian Gulf (see p. 37 and note), but the Heraclids (his sons and descendants) would maintain this alliance with the Dorians, and lead them in an invasion of the Peloponnese, to displace the last Pelopid and become rulers in the main centres (pp. 92 ff.). As Perseids they had a legitimate claim to Argos (and possibly to Laconia and Messenia also, as Heracles had settled the succession there during his campaigns). It was in fact the case that the Dorian inhabitants of the Peloponnese had entered it from the north at a relatively late period; and it was believed that their supposed involvement with the Heraclids gave legitimacy to their occupation of the land. For the present war with the Lapiths, another Thessalian people, see also DS 4. 37. 3.
Cycnos: see the battle with Cycnos, son of Ares, on p. 82, and note. Although different names are given for Cycnos’ mother, it can be assumed that both accounts refer to the same event.
killed Amyntor: in DS 4. 37. 4 Heracles attacks and kills the king (there called Ormenios) because he refuses to surrender his daughter, Astydameia (and afterwards fathers Ctesippos by her, who is mentioned as his son by the daughter of Amyntor on p. 92).
vengeance on Eurytos: for refusing to give him Iole after he had won the contest for her hand, p. 84. This episode was treated in an early epic, the Sack of Oichalia. There was disagreement on the location of Oichalia (cf. P. 4. 2. 3), but Euboea was the most favoured locality, which is consistent with the indications here (notably the remark on p. 85 that Eurytos’ cattle were stolen from Euboea).
how matters stood with regard to Iole: DS 4. 38. 1 states explicitly that she learned from Lichas that Heracles loved Iole; we are probably meant to assume that here. For the tunic, see p. 89.
into the Euhoean Sea: following Ov. Met. 9. 218 (cf. Ibis492, and VM 1. 58 and 2. 165), to replace ‘from Boeotia’ in the manuscripts, which is evidently corrupt because he was at Cenaion, the northwestern promontory of Euboea.