Melvin, 252, 253
Mental Hygiene Law, 154
Metropolitan Transit Authority. See New York City Transit Authority
Metropolitan Transit Police, 12, 43, 61
Michelle, 219–20
Middle Ages, 171, 175
Les Miserables (Hugo), 172
“Modern Troglodytes” (Garner), 36
Moe, 184, 185
Monica, 138–39, 145, 148
Mono, 129, 130, 131, 133
Morningside Park, 2
Moscow, 38
Mosley, Walter, 183
Murphy, Ken, 68
Museum of Modern Art, 125
National Association of Social Workers, 69
Need of Roots, The (Weil), 87
Nell, 81
Neolithic period, 36
Nether World, The (Gissing), 173
New Alliance Party, 183–84
New York City, 2, 6, 73
underground population in, 38–42
underground spaces in, 43–48
New York City Human Resources Administration, 26, 52, 68
New York City Transit Authority, 46, 48, 51, 67, 129
outreach programs sponsored by, 151–53, 156
New York Daily News, The, 99
New Yorker, The, 134
New York Health and Human Services Department, 39, 81
New York Mental Health Association, 40
New York Times, The, 26, 68, 108, 115, 132, 249
No Exit (Sartre), 171
Notes from Underground (Dostoyevsky), 176, 177
Notes on the Underground (Williams), 170–71, 172–73
On Being Homeless: Historical Perspectives (Beard), 50
On Walden Pond (Thoreau), 31
outreach programs. See tunnel outreach
Papa, 221
Pape, Chris (“Freedom”), 100–101, 119, 122, 244, 249–50
and Bernard, 111, 124–25
and Bob, 106
collaboration with Smith, 126–27
on David, 137
on graffiti writing, 132
self-portrait, 120, 123
Paris, 37–38
Paul, 83
Pennick, Nigel, 35, 36, 37
Penn Station, 13, 20, 47, 55, 135, 136, 144, 151, 192, 203, 210
estimate of underground population, 39
Peppin, 63–64
Picasso, Pablo, 126
Plato, 97
Polhemus, Guy, 107
Port Authority Station, 13, 47, 55, 57
Quinones, Jorge Lee. See Lee
Rambo, 204
Razor, 78
Reese, 51
Reliquary, The, 36
Renaissance, 171, 172
Republic, The (Plato), 97
Rex, 206, 209–10, 211
Rico, 167, 168
“Riker’s Island,” 47
Riley, Sergeant Steve, 49
Riverside Park, 107, 135, 181, 215, 224, 226
Bernard’s tunnel community under, 88, 101, 103, 116
Pape’s graffiti writing under, 124, 125
Road Warrior, 34
Rodney, 68–69
Rome, 38, 131
Romero, Lieutenant John, 51–53, 54
Ronda, 79, 80
Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 45
Rotunda community, 92–94, 221, 222
runaways underground, 135–49
Carlos, 140–41, 146
Dolly, 145–46
Frank, 141–42, 143, 146, 148
Frederick, 135–39
Jimmy, 144–45, 146, 147
Monica and Felicia, 139–40
Teddy, 142–44, 147, 148, 149
St. Agnes’ Soup Kitchen, 3, 240, 241
Sally, 79
Sam (All Saints’ Soup Kitchen customer), 94–95
Sam (“city of friends” mayor), 206, 209, 210
on “human morality,” 208–9
on Jamall, 231
on listening, 211
management style, 207–8
“Sane.” See Smith, David (“Sane”)
Saroyan, William, 237
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 171
Scientific American, 45
Scott, Gwendolyn (Gwen), 221–23
Second Avenue Station, 47
Secret City of Ivan the Terrible, Moscow, 38
Seville. See Williams, Seville
Serrano, Yolanda, 70–71, 153
79th Street, 103, 221
Sheila, 100, 101, 223, 226–27, 249
Shorty (Fran’s boyfriend), 225
Shorty (Seville’s friend), 11, 23
Shorty (tunnel birth observer), 78, 79, 80
Silwa, Curtis, 239n.
Slam, 182
Slave, 129, 130, 133
Slim (”city of friends” resident), 206
Slim (Harlem gang member), 188, 189
Small Talk, 187, 188, 189
Smidge, 33, 34
”Smith.” See Smith, Roger (”Smith”)
Smith, David (”Sane”), 119, 125, 249
death of, 120–21, 250
lawsuit against, 121–22
Smith, Roger (”Smith”), 4, 51, 73–74, 119, 122, 125, 250
collaboration with Pape, 126–27
lawsuit against, 121–22
Sneakers, 243
social workers, 67–69
Sonya, 68–69
Squeeze, 39
Stash, 101
”Stealth,” 181–82
”STIPSO” statute, 154
Stokes, Suellen L., 40
Stone, 221
Subterranean Kingdom: A Survey of Man-Made Structures Beneath the Earth, The (Pennick), 35–36, 37
Subway Lives (Dwyer), 44
Sullivan, Robert E., Jr., 43, 44, 46
”Taki 183.” See Demetrius (”Taki 183”)
Teather, 11
Teddy, 142–44, 147, 148, 149
Teresa, 84–86
Thackeray, William, 173
Third of May (Goya), 126
Thoreau, Henry David, 31
Tierney, John, 115, 249
Tim (member of Bernard’s community), 110–11
Tim (Sally’s boyfriend), 79, 80
Time Machine (Wells), 174–75, 176
Time of Your Life, The (Saroyan), 237
Tina, 252, 253
Tom (Butch and Brenda’s friend), 116–17
Tom (Denise’s friend), 57
Tony, 111–13, 249
on tunnel art, 128
Tracy, 134, 168
Transit Workers and Mechanics Union, 161
Trey, 69–70
Tripper, 95, 96
Tsemberis, Dr. Sam, 153–54, 155, 159–60, 163
Tumulty, Karen, 4
tunnel art and artists, 119–28
Bernard’s involvement with, 119–20, 124–25, 126, 127
May Third mural, 126–28
Pape’s work, 122–26
Tony on, 128. See also graffiti writings and writers
tunnel outreach, 151–63
ADAPT’s efforts, 151, 152, 153, 155–63
Project HELP, 151–55. See also Coalition for the Homeless; homeless advocates
Tweed, Mayor Boss, 45
Tyrone, 244, 245
underground communities, 87–96
Bernard’s tunnel, 75, 97–118
Buckley on, 91, 94
communication network in, 89–90
“families” in, 87
J.C.’s, 191–202
Rotunda, 92–94, 221, 222
underground in history, literature, and culture, 169–79
and the Agharthi legend, 170
in Ellison’s Invisible Man, 177–79
in Hugo’s Les Miserables, 172, 173
in the nineteenth century, 175–76
and the underground man concept, 176–79
in Wells’ Time Machine, 174–75, 176
Underground Man (Abood), 176
underground population, 35–42
Cimmerians, 35–36
in England, 36–37
estimates of, 39
life expectancy of, 41
in New York City, 38–42
in Paris, 37–38
underground spaces, 43–48