Alexis de Tocqueville, 1805-1859, Democracy in America 162
John Stuart Mill, 1806-1873, On Liberty, The Subjection ofWomen 164
Charles Darwin, 1809-1882, The Voyage of the Beagle, The Origin of Species 166
Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, 1809-1852, Dead Souls 170
Edgar Allan Poe, 1809-1849, Short Stories and Other Works 171
William Makepeace Thackeray, 1811-1863, Vanity Fair 173
Charles Dickens, 1812-1870, Pickwick Papers, David Coppetfield, Great Expectations, Hard Times, Our Mutual Friend, Old Curiosity Shop, Liff/e Dorrit 175
Anthony Trollope, 1815-1882, Warden, Lъ^ Chronicle ofBarset, 77ie Eustace Diamonds, 77ie Way W^ Lfi;^ Now;, Autobiography 177
The Brontк Sisters 179
79A. Charlotte Brontк, 1816-1855, /ane Јt/r^ 180
79B. Emily Brontк, 1818-1848, Wuthering Heights 182
Henry David Thoreau, 1817-1862, Walden, Civil Disobedience 183
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, 1818-1883, Fathers and Sons 186
Karl Marx, 1818-1883, and Friedrich Engels, 1820-1895, 77ie Communist Manifesto 187
Herman Melville, 1819-1891, Moby Dick, Bartleby the Scrнvener 189
George Eliot, 1819-1880, The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch 192
Walt Whitman, 1819-1892, Selected Poems, Democratic Vistas, Preface to the first issue of Leaves of Grass (1855), A Backward Glance 0'er Travelled Roads 195
Gustave Flaubert, 1821-1880, Madame Bovary 198
Feodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, 1821-1881, Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov 200
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, 1828-1910, Warand Peace 202
Henrick Ibsen, 1828-1906, Selected Plays 204
Emily Dickinson, 1830-1886, Collected Poems 206
Lewis Carroll, 1832-1898, Бlice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking-Glass 208
Mark Twain, 1835-1910, Huckleberry Finn 210
Henry Adams, 1838-1918, The Education of Henry Adams 212
Thomas Hardy, 1840-1928, The Mayorof Casterbridge 214
William James, 1842-1910, The Principies of Psychology, Pragmatism, Four Essays from The Meaning ofTruth, The Varieties of Religious Experience 216
Henry James, 1843-1916, The Ambassadors 218
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844-1900, Thus Spake Zarathustra, The Genealogy of Morais, Beyond Good and Evil, and other works 220
PART FIVE
Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939, Selected Works, including The Interpretation of Dreams, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, and Civilization and Its Discontents 225
George Bernard Shaw, 1856-1950, Selected Plays and Prefaces 227
Joseph Conrad, 1857-1924, Nostromo 229
Anton Chekhov, 1860-1904, Uncle Vanya, Three Sisters, The Cherry Orchard, Selected Short Stories 232
Edith Wharton, 1862-1937, The Custom of the Country, The Age of Innocence, The House of Mirth 234
William Butler Yeats, 1865-1939, Collected Poems, Collected Plays, Autobiography 236
Natsume Soseki, 1867-1916, Kokoro 238
Mareei Proust, 1871-1922, Remembrance ofThings Past 240
Robert Frost, 1874-1963, Collected Poems 243
Thomas Mann, 1875-1955, The Magic Mountain 245
E.M. Forster, 1879-1970, A Passage to нndia 247
Lu Hsьn, 1881-1936, Collected Short Stories 249
James Joyce, 1882-1941, Ulysses 251
Virgнnia Woolf, 1882-1941, Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, Orlando, The Waves 253
Franz Kafka, 1883-1924, The Trial, The Castle, Selected Short Stories 255
D.H. Lawrence, 1885-1930, Sons and Lovers, Women in Love 257
Tanizaki Junichiro, 1886-1965, The Makioka Sisters 260
Eugene 0'Neill, 1888-1953, Mourning Becomes Electra, The Iceman Cometh, Long Day's Journey into Night 262
T.S. Eliot, 1888-1965, Collected Poems, Collected Plays 264
Aldous Huxley, 1894-1963, Brave New World 266
William Faulkner, 1897-1962, The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying 268
Ernest Hemingway, 1899-1961, Short Stories 269
Kawabata Yasunari, 1899-1972, Beauty and Sadness 270
Jorge Luis Borges, 1899-1986, Labyrinths, Dreamtigers 272
Vladimir Nabokov, 1899-1977, Lolita; Pale Fire; Speak, Memory 274
George Orwell, 1903-1950, Animal Farm, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Burmese Days 276
R.K. Narayan, 1906- , 77ie English Teacher, Vendor of Stveets 278
Samuel Beckett, 1906-1989, Waitingfor Godot, Endgame, Krapps Last Tape 280
W.H. Auden, 1907-1973, Collected Poems 283
Albert Camus, 1913-1960, Tfte Plague, Stranger 285
Saul Bellow, 1915- , T/ie Adventures of Augie March, Herzog, Humboldfs Gift 288
Aleksander Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, 1918- , Firsн Circle, Cвncer Ward 290
Thomas Kuhn, 1922-1996, Structure of Scientific Revolutions 292
Mishima Yukio, 1925-1970, Confessions of a Mask, Tfte Temple of the Golden Pavilion 294
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 1928- , One Hundred Years of Solitude 296
Chinua Achebe, 1930- , Things Fali Apart 298
GOING FURTHER 301
100 additional 2oth-century authors, briefly annotated
BIBLIOGRAPHY 325
INDEX 363
PREFACE
The Lifetime Reading Plan was first published in 1960; the sec- ond and third editions, with revisions and amplifications, appeared in 1978 and 1986. Those editions, in the distinctive voice of Clifton Fadiman, distilled and shared the reflections of a lifetime dedicated to reading. With this fourth edition of the Plan, Mr. Fadiman for the first time has a co-author; and I feel greatly honored to have been asked to join him in this enterprise. I will say more below about how we divided the work of preparing this edition.
Readers familiar with earlier editions of The Lifetime Reading Plan will notice several significant changes in this new version. The changes begin on the title page—the book is now The New Lifetime Reading Plan, to emphasize that this edition has been very substantially revised and enlarged. The most pervasive, and most significant, change is that the material rec- ommended for reading has been broadened to include works from the literatures of the whole world. As recently as a decade ago it was reasonable to construct a program of guided reading that included only works in the Western tradition, while acknowledging that a time might come when a shrinking world, and improvements in various communications media, would make familiarity with ali of the world's literary traditions a requirement for the well-educated and well-read person.
That time has come sooner than one might have expected. For an American in the last decade of the twentieth century, the "global village" is a reality, the world having been shrunk by jet aircraft, by communications satellites, by instantaneous televi- sion news from everywhere, and by the Internet, to the extent that, in a sense, nothing is foreign to anyone's experience. Moreover, the United States, from its origins a nation of immi- grants, has been enriched anew in recent years by fresh arrivals from ali over the world, one consequence of this being that as a people, our cultural roots have become more diverse than ever before. Because our country is now more profoundly multicultural than ever, and also because it is to everyone's per- sonal advantage to cast as wide a net as possible in harvesting the world's cultural riches, the works suggested in The New Lifetime Reading Plan now include Lady Murasaki along with Miss Austen, Tanizaki cheek-by-jowl with Faulkner, Ssu-ma Cfrien as well as Thucydides. We think that these additions to the Plan will enhance both your pleasure and your sense of achievement as a reader.