Further reading: The fullest biography is J.R. Moore's Daniel Defoe, Citizen of the Modern World. See also: James Sutherland, Defoe; the essay by Virginia Woolf in The Common Reader.
Jonathan Swift—Dell, Norton, Oxford, and Holt, Rinehart ali offer good editions of Gulliver. The Portable Swift, ed. Carl Van Doren (Viking), contains a fine selection from Swift's miscella- neous work in both prose and verse.
Further reading: For biography, see I. Ehrenpreis, Swift: The Man, His Works, and the Age (2 vols.). See also: Carl Van Doren, Swift; R. Quintana, The Mind and Art of Jonathan Swift; David Ward, Jonathan Swift: An Introductory Essay.
Voltaire—Candide is widely available. Modern Library includes "other writings," as does Signet. Ben Redman's Portable Voltaire (Viking) is a good collection. You may be able to find Peter Gay's translation of the Philosophical Dictionary (Harvest).
Further reading: The best biography in English is probably Theodore Besterman's Voltaire. See also Richard Aldington,
Voltaire; Virgil W. Topazio, Voltaire: A Criticai Study of His Major Works; W. Andrews, Voltaire; H.N. Brailsford, Voltaire. A.J. Ayers Voltaire deals brilliantly with his lesser-known works. Peyton E. Richter and Ilona Ricardo's Voltaire is a good introductory biogra- phy.
David Hume—An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: Oxford U. Press, Open Court.
Further reading: E.C. Mossners The Life of David Hume is the definitive biography. J.Y.T. Greig's David Hume is shorter. See also: Barry Stroud, Hume; David Hume: Many-Sided Genius, ed. K.R. Merrill and R.W. Shahan; A.J. Ayer, Hume.
Henry Fielding—Tom Jones and Joseph Andrews are widely available. Signet and Everyman offer Jonathan Wild.
Further reading: The standard biography is the two-volume Henry Fielding: His Life, Work, and Times, by F. Homes Dudden. Thackeray's estimate of Fielding is good but deeply Victorian: See his The English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century. Useful also is Ronald Paulson, ed., Fielding: A Collection of Criticai Essays; Andrew Wright, Henry Fielding: Mask and Feast.
Ts'ao Hsьeh-ch'in—The best translation of The Dream of the Red Chamber is by David Hawkes (with John Minford) under its alternative title, The Story of the Stone (5 vols, Penguin). Also good is the version by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang, A Dream of Red Mansions (3 vols., Foreign Languages Press, Beijing). The abridged version by C.C. Wang (Anchor) is not very good, though its introduction, by Mark Van Doren, is interesting. The version by Florence and Isabel McHugh (Pantheon) is translated from Franz Kuhn's very good German translation; it is a nice, readable abridgement, but at two removes from the original.
Further reading: Jeanne Knoerle, The Dream of the Red Chamber: A Criticai Study, is a good introduction; Andrew H. Plaks, Archetype and Allegory in The Dream of the Red Chamber is immensely learned and full of fascinating insights.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau—Penguin has J.M. Cohen's excellent translation of the Confessions. Washington Square Press issues in one volume The Social Contract and Discourse on the Origin of Inequality.
Further reading: The recommended biography is Jean Guйhenno's Jean-Jacques Rousseau. See also: Peter France, Rousseau: Confessions; Maurice Cranston, Jean-Jacques: The Early Life and Work of Jean- Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1754. For a classic attack on Rousseau, see Irving Babbitt's Rousseau and Romanticism.
Laurence Sterne—Editions of Tristram Shandy: Oxford, Penguin, Riverside, Airmont, Signet, Norton, Evergreen. The Harvard University Press edition also contains A Sentimental
Journey and Selected Sermons and Letters. A Sentimental Journey is available in Everyman and Penguin.
Further reading: Arthur H. Cash, Laurence Sterne (2 vols.). See also Virginia Woolf s essay "The Sentimental Journey" in her Second Common Reader. This also discusses, among other topics, Robinson Crusoe, Swift's Journal to Stella, and the novйis of Thomas Hardy.
James Boswell—Penguin, Modern Library, and Signet (abridged) offer the Life. McGraw-Hill publishes the Boswell Private Papers in many hardbound volumes. Oxford publishes in paperback Boswell's interesting Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides.
Further reading: The multivolume Yale Editions of the Private Papers of James Boswell is published by McGraw-Hill, edited in the main by Frederick Pottle; some volumes have collaborative editors. On these papers Pottle based his important James Boswelclass="underline" The Earlier Years, 1740-1769. The first volume of the Yale series, the fascinating BoswelVs London Journal 1762.-1763, is available in paperback. Other studies of this curiously flawed genius: Hesketh Pearson, Johnson and Boswell; Wyndham Lewis, James Boswelclass="underline" A Short Life; C.B. Tinker, Young Boswell.
Basic Documents in American History, edited by Richard B. Morris, is published by both Krieger and Van Nostrand (Anvil Books).
Further reading: For a wider sampling and discussion of American historical records, see Richard Hofstadters Great Issues in American History (2 vols.). For the Declaration, see Carl Beckers The Declaration of Independence. For the making of the Constitution, see Carl Van Doren, The Great Rehearsal; C.D. Bowen, Miracle at Philadelpia. See also Garry Wills, Inventing America, and Pauline Maier, American Scripture.
The Federalist Papers—Rossiters Federalist Papers is in New American Library. Bantam, Harvard University Press, and Modern Library also have good editions. AHM Publications offers Selections from the Federalist, ed. Henry S. Commager.
Further reading: An excellent compendium is Bernard Bailyn, ed., The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles and Letters during the Struggle over Ratification (Library of America/Viking).
johann Wolfgang von Goethe—Oxford University Press issues an abridged version of both parts of Faust by the fine poet Louis MacNeice. Also recommended: the two parts, tr. Walter Kaufmann (Anchor); Part 1, tr. C.F. Maclntyre (New Directions); Part 1, tr. Randall Jarrell (Farrar, Straus); Part 1, tr. David Luke (World's Classics). Avoid the antiquated Bayard Taylor version. Great Writings of Goethe, ed. by Stephen Spender (New