Further reading: Though of course somewhat outmoded by sub- sequent scholarship, Elizabeth Gaskell's Life of Charlotte Brontк still offers an interesting picture of the whole family. See also Muriel Spark's Emily Bronte: Her Life and Work. Other informative books: Irene Cooper Willis, The Brontкs; Thomas Winnifirith, The Brontиs; Winifred Gerin, Emily Bronte: A Biography; Juliet Barker, The Brontиs.
Henry David Thoreau—Walden is readily available. Most editions include Civil Disobedience. Penguin has a Portable Thoreau and A Week on the Concord and Merimack Rivers; Bantam has Walden and Other Writings, ed. J.W. Krutch. The Library of America has ali of Thoreau's major works in a single large volume. A newly published Thoreau work is of interest: Faith in a Seed: The Dispersion of Seeds and Other Late Natural History Writings (Island Press).
Further reading: A good biography is Walter Hardings The Days of Henry Thoreau. See also Richard Lebeaux, Young Man Thoreau; R.T. Richardson Jr., Henry Thoreau: A Life of the Mind; Sherman Paul, The Shores of America: Thoreau s Inward Exploration; H.S. Canby, Thoreau.
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev—Fathers and Sons is available in Modern Library (Guerney's translation), Bantam, Norton, Signet, Penguin. Penguin has Sketches from a Huntefs Бlbum (another rendering of A Sportsmans Sketches).
Further reading: Three reliable biographies are A. Yarmolinsky's Turgenev: The Many His Art, and His Age; L.B. Shapiro's Turgenev: His Life and Times; and D. Magarshack's Turgenev: A Life. Edmund Wilson contributes an interesting, lengthy introduction to a Turgenev collection, Literary Reminiscences and Autobiographical Fragments (Evergreen). A fine study is V.S. Pritchett's The Gentle Barbarian: The Life and Work of Turgenev.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: There are many editions of the Communist Manifesto; Penguin has a handy volume. International Publishing has Selected Works of Marx т- Engels; you might want to try reading their greatest work, Capital (Das Kapital).
Further reading: A standard life is Franz Mehrings Karl Marx: The Story of His Life. See also: S.K. Padover, Karl Marx: An Intimate Biography; Isaiah Berlin, Karl Marx. His Life and Environment, a brilliant short account; Sidney Hook, Marx and the Marxists. For insight into Marx and his connection with thought in general, see R.H. Heilbroner, The Worldly Philosophers; Jacques Barzun, Darwin, Marx, Wagner; J.K. Galbraith, The Evolution of Economics. An excellent psychological study is Bruce Mazlish, The Meaning of Karl Marx.
Herman Melville—Moby Dick is generally available in many editions. Riverside has a good one edited by the distinguished scholar Alfred Kazin. Penguin issues a Portable Melville and Perennial has Great Short Works, including Bartleby. Signet and Phoenix, among other imprints, offer Billy Budd. The Library of America has a three volume Melville set containing ali the major works.
Further reading: The literature is vast and various. Some interesting treatments: Leon Howard's Herman Melville: A Biography; Newton Arvins Herman Melville; Richard Chase's Herman Melville: A Criticai Study; W.E. Sedgwick, Herman Melville: The Tragedy of Mind; Lewis Muniford, Herman Melville; A.R. Humphreys, Melville; Van Wyck Brooks, The Times of Melville and Whitman; Jay Leydas The Melville Log: A Documentary Life of Herman Melville is just what the title suggests. Two recent biographies are Laurie Robertson-Lorant's Melville: A Biography, and
the authoritative Herman Melville: A Biography by Herschel Parker (the first of two volumes).
George Eliot—Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch, and Adam Bede are widely available. The Riverside editions are edited by the great Eliot scholar G.S. Haight. Daniel Deronda: Penguin, Signet.
Further reading: The definitive life is Gordon S. Haight's George Eliot: A Biography. Also excellent is Rosemary Ashton's recent George Eliot. For acute criticism, see Joan Bennett, George Eliot: Her Mind and Her Art; Barbara Hardy, The Novйis of George Eliot: A Study in Form. See also: R.T. Jones, George Eliot; Marghanita Laski, George Eliot and Her World; Lawrence and Elizabeth Hanson, Marian Evans and George Eliot. Other views of George Eliot may be found in Virginia Woolfs The Common Reader, F.R. Leavis's The Great Tradition, David Cecil's Victorian Novelists, and Henry James's Partial Portraits. Gillian Beer, George Eliot, offers an interesting feminist approach.
Walt Whitman—Riverside gives you the Complete Poetry and Selected Prose. Penguin has a good Portable Whitman. Leaves of Grass is available from many publishers. The Library of America has a Poetry and Prose volume.
Further reading: David S. Reynolds, Walt Whitman s America; Gay Wilson Allen, The Solitary Singer, a good standard biography. Other good book-length treatments: Justin Kaplan, Walt Whitman: A Life; H.S. Canby, Walt Whitman: An American; Emory Holloway, Whitman: An Interpretation in Narrative. See also: Richard Chase, Walt Whitman; D.H. Lawrence, "Whitman," in Studies in Classic American Literature; Paul Zweig, Walt Whitman: The Making ofthe Poet.
Gustave Flaubert—The Modern Library edition of Madame Bovary, tr. Francis Steegmuller, is preferred. Other acceptable versions: Bantam, Airmont, Riverside, Signet, Penguin. There is also a Penguin edition of Three Tales, tr. Robert Baldick. See also Sallambo and Flaubert in Egypt, both tr. Steegmuller, both Penguin.
Further reading: An adequate biography in English is P. Spencers Flaubert. A Biography. Enid Starkie's Flaubert: The Making of the Master and Francis Steegmullers Flaubert and Madame Bovary are good studies. See also B.F. Bart's Flaubert. University of Chicago Press has published Jean-Paul Sartre's bril- liant but idiosyncratic and unfinished The Family Idiot: Gustave Flaubert, 1821-185-/.
Feodor Mekhailovich Dostoyevsky—Crime and Punishment: Oxford, Norton, Bantam, Eveiyman, Modern Library (Garnett tr.), Signet, Vintage, Airmont, Penguin (Magarshack tr.), Viking (McDuff tr.). The Brothers Karamozov: Penguin (2 vols.), Airmont, Vintage, Bantam, Modern Library (Garnett tr.). Try also The Idiot: Signet, Penguin.