Zenkevich, Lev (1889–1970), invertebrate zoologist. Academician and deputy secretary academician of the Academy Division of Oceanology, Atmosphere Physics, and Geography. Also chaired the Department of Invertebrate Zoology at the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University.
Zhdanov, Andrei (1896–1948), Party figure, the leading Party ideologist of the 1940s. Different posts from 1922–1934. First secretary of the Leningrad Regional and City Committees (1934–1944), secretary of the Central Committee (1934–1946), Politburo member (1939–1948), member of Military Councils (1941–1945). Chair of the Union Council of the Supreme Soviet (1946–1947). Played an important role in Trofim Lysenko’s triumph in 1948. Supposedly was killed by Jewish doctor-killers (Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria, p. 444; Hahn, Postwar Soviet Politics, pp. 19–66, 94–113; Ra’anan, International Policy Formation, pp. 12–170).
Zhdanov, Yurii (1919–), Andrei Zhdanov’s son and Party figure. Graduate student at the Academy Institute of Philosophy (1945–1948), head of the Department of Science within the Directorate of Propaganda and Agitation (Agitprop) of the Central Committee (1947–1948), of the Science Sector within Agitprop (1948–1950), of the Department on Science and Higher Education (1950–1952), and of the Department on Natural and Technical Sciences and Higher Education (1952–1953), rector of the Rostov-on-Don University (1957–1989). Corresponding member (1970). Played an important role during Lysenko’s triumph in 1948. On Stalin’s order, in 1949 married Stalin’s daughter Svetlana (they divorced in 1953) (Naumov and Sigachev, Lavrentii Beria, p. 444; Allilueva, Twenty Letters, pp. 197–211).
Zhebrak, Anton (1901–1965), geneticist and anti-Lysenkoist. Graduated from Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (1925) and the Institute of Red Professors (1929). In 1930–1931, Rockefeller Fellow at Thomas H. Morgan’s laboratory at Columbia University, head of the Genetics Department of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (1935–1948). Elected to the Belorussian Academy of Sciences (1940) and president of this academy (May–October 1947). Joined the Party in 1928 and was an official of the Central Committee Science Department (1945–1946). At the end of 1948 lost all posts because of anti-Lysenkoist position. Professor of botany at the Moscow Institute of Timber Industry (1948–1949) and then at the Moscow Pharmacological Institute (1949–1965).
Zhemchuzhina (Karpovich), Polina (1897–1970), Party figure and Molotov’s wife. Head of the Main Directorate of Perfume, Cosmetic, Synthetic, and Soap Production within the Food Industry Commissariat (1936–1937), deputy commissar of Food Industry and then commissar of Fisheries (1937–1939), head of the Main Directorate of Textile Industry within the Commissariat/Ministry of Light Industry (1939–1948). Arrested in 1948 in connection with the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee case, tried in 1949 and convicted to five-year exile. Sent to Kazakhstan. In early 1953, brought to Moscow and brutally interrogated in connection with the Doctors’ Plot case. In March 1953, released after Stalin’s death and rehabilitated.
Zhuk, Sergei (1892–1957), hydraulic engineer, one of the main organizers of the slave labor in the USSR. Graduated from Petrograd Institute of Railroad Engineers (1917). Directed the construction of the main large hydroelectric complexes: the White Sea–Moscow Canal, the Volga-Don Complex, etc. (the 1920s–1950s). In 1942, joined the Party and became head of the Gidroproect within the NKVD (in 1957 it was named after him). Academician (1953), major general of Engineering and Technical Services. Received a number of the highest Soviet awards.
Zhukovsky, Semen (1896–1940) joined the NKVD in 1936. Head of the Third (Counterintelligence) Department of the NKVD Main State Security Directorate (GUGB) (1937), head of the GUGB Twelfth (Operational Equipment) Department (1937–1938), deputy NKVD commissar 1938). Arrested on October 23, 1938, tried and shot on January 24, 1940. Rehabilitated in 1955 (Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD, pp. 192–193).
Zhupakhin, Sergei (1888–1940) joined the OGPU in 1922. From 1927–1929, head of the Secret Department of the Secret-Operational Directorate of the Leningrad Branch of the OGPU (1927–1929), deputy head of this department (1929–1931), head of the Economic Department of the branch (1931–1932). Arrested on December 14, 1938, tried on May 16, 1940, and shot. Not rehabilitated (Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovidil NKVD, p. 193).
Zilber, Lev (1894–1966), microbiologist and virologist, the author of the virus theory of cancer. Graduated from Petrograd University (1917), and from the Medical Faculty of Moscow University (1919). At the Institute of Microbiology under the Commissariat of Health (1920–1929), director of the Microbiology Institute in Baku (Azerbaijan) and chair of the Microbiology Department in the local university (1929–1931). Arrested in 1931, soon released. From 1932, at the Mechnikov Institute of Sera and Vaccines. In 1934, organized the Central Viral Laboratory. In 1937 arrested again on charge of “disseminating encephalitis.” Released in 1939, but arrested for the third time in 1940. Sentenced to imprisonment in labor camps. Part of the term spent in a secret NKVD chemical laboratory, where he was in charge of production of alcohol from reindeer moss. Secretly wrote a manuscript on the virus etiology of cancer. Released in March 1944. Head of the Department of General Immunology and Oncology at the Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (1946–1966).
APPENDIX II: TRANSLATED DOCUMENTS
1. Yevgeniya Allilueva’s prisoner card (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171. Prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).
2. Anna Allilueva’s prisoner card (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171. Prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).
3. Molochnikov’s prisoner card No. 1 (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171. Prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).
4. Molochnikov’s prisoner card No. 2 (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171. Prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).
5. Moroz-Morozov’s prisoner card (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171. Prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).
6. Shatunovskaya’s prisoner card (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171. Prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).
7. Tumerman’s prisoner card (a shortened version rewritten by V. Danilova in 1990).
8. Levina’s prisoner card (a shortened version rewritten by V. Danilova in 1990).
9. Goldstein’s prisoner card (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 171. Prisoner cards from Vladimir Prison).
10. A letter to Stalin signed by V. Abakumov and S. Ogol’tsov regarding Bureaus Nos. 1 and 2, dated August 4, 1950 (“Special Files” of the Politburo, Archive of the President of the Russian Federation, F. 3. From the materials declassified in 1992 for the Communist Party case).
11. An archival record from the Medical Academy of Sciencies Archive regarding Mairanovsky’s career from 1928–1940, dated January 5, 1962 (Memorial’s Archive [Moscow], fond 1, op. 1, d. 2872).