15. For details, see the article by Horst Pleiner and Hubert Speckner, “Das österreichische Bundesheer und die ČSSR-Krise,” in Karner et al., Beiträge, 1007–23; the Federal Army was prepared for an emergency and ready for deployment at 8:00 a.m. The marching order was not given until 4:00 p.m. See Eger, Krisen an Österreichs Grenzen, 108–9.
16. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 21 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 165–66.
17. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 21 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 165–66.
18. Cable of the Czechoslovak ambassador in Austria, P. Novotný, on the reaction of the Austrian government to Czechoslovakia’s invasion by Warsaw Pact troops, Tlg. došlé, 7764/1968, Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Prague (hereafter abbreviated as A MZV), reprinted in Karner et al., Dokumente, #174.
19. Text of the statement made by Chancellor J. Klaus on Austrian television (ORF) on 21 August 1968 (evening news), ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1347, 129.266-6 (Pol.) 68.
20. See Eger, Krisen an Österreichs Grenzen, 194–96.
21. The words “serious setback” (schweren Rückschlag) were added by hand, with the word “serious” being crossed out again.
22. The word “fortunately” was added by hand.
23. File memo and circular note on Waldheim’s communiqué to APA, ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1350, 124.435-6 (Pol.) 68; Text of the APA report, 22 August 1968, ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1347, 129.266-6 (Pol.) 68.
24. Ibid.
25. Stenographic transcript of a meeting of the Communist and Workers’ Parties of Bulgaria, Hungary, the GDR, Poland, and the USSR in Moscow, 18 August 1968, reprinted in Karner et al., Dokumente, #87. For details, see Silke Stern, “Die tschechoslowakische Emigration: Österreich als Erstaufnahme-und Asylland,” in Karner et al., Beiträge, 1025–42.
26. Stern, “Die tschechslowakische Emigration,” in Karner et al., Beiträge, 1025–42.
27. For details, see the Jakovina chapter in this volume.
28. Report of the head of the Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation, 10 September 1968, UNHCR Archives, Geneva, 1.AUS.CZE/4, reprinted in Karner et al., Dokumente, #184; Report of the regional office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees to Geneva, 9 September 1968, UNHCR Archives, Geneva, 1.AUS.CZE/2, reprinted in Karner et al., Dokumente, #183.
29. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 23 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 167–68. The transcript was made on 30 August 1968 and dispatched to Moscow by the Soviet embassy on 31 August 1968.
30. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 23 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 167–68; ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1350, 124.545 (Pol. 6) 68.
31. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 23 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 167–68.
32. The following words presumably led to irritation on the Soviet side: “In view of its strictly observed policy of neutrality the Federal Government can only express its disappointment that the events of the last 48 hours should call such a policy in doubt.” From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 23 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, 167–68; Chancellor J. Klaus’s statement in the ORF evening news, 22 August 1968, ÖStA, BMfaA,., Ktn. 1347, 129.266 (Pol. 6) 68.
33. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 23 August 1968; AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 167–68. Kirchschläger had been recalled to Vienna from Yugoslavia, where he was on holiday, and was subsequently dispatched to Prague. See Klaus Eisterer, “The Austrian Legation in Prague and the Czechoslovak Crisis of 1968,” in Neutrality in Austria, vol. 9, Contemporary Austrian Studies, ed. Günter Bischof et al. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2001), 225.
34. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 23 August 1968. The transcript was made on 30 August 1968 and dispatched to Moscow by the Soviet embassy on 31 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, p. 171.
35. ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1350, 124.545 (Pol. 6) 68.
36. Michael Gehler, Österreichs Außenpolitik der Zweiten Republik: Von der alliierten Besatzung bis zum Europa des 21. Jahrhunderts (Innsbruck: Böhlau, 2005), 342.
37. Waldheim’s report to the Executive Committee of Austria’s parliament, 29 August 1968, ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1347, 129.266-6 (Pol.) 68.
38. On this occasion, the Soviet embassy counselor pointed out that the Czechoslovak ambassador had been given the opportunity to appear on Austrian television while in 1967 the request of the Soviet ambassador to be allowed to speak on TV on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the October Revolution had been denied. What prompted this meeting was the latest edition of the Deutsche Nationalzeitung destined for sale in Austria, which in the words of the Soviet diplomat, “was brimful of highly insulting statements about the Soviet Union.” The Austrian Foreign Ministry followed up on the matter and came to the conclusion that the Austrian edition of the periodical was produced entirely in Munich. See the file memo about a call paid to the Foreign Ministry by the Soviet embassy counselor, Bushmanov, 29 August 1968, ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1349, 124.904 (Pol. 6) 68.
39. File memo, 29 August 1968, ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1349, 124.904 (Pol. 6) 68.
40. File memo, 29 August 1968, ÖStA, BMfaA, Ktn. 1349, 124.904 (Pol. 6) 68.
41. Washington lodged an official protest with the Soviet Union regarding the “absurd claim” that the United States was violating Austrian neutrality. For details, see the article by Günter Bischof, “‘No Action’: Die USA und die Invasion in die Tschechoslowakei,” in Karner et al., Beiträge, 340.
42. Folder “8/28/68,” cable of the secretary of state, D. Rusk, to the U.S. embassies in Vienna, Moscow, Prague, all NATO capitals, CINCEUR and USEUCOM, 28 August 1968, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files 1967–1969, POL 27-1 COM BLOC-Czech, Box 1995, NARA, reprinted in Karner et al., Dokumente, #180; for details see Günter Bischof, “‘No Action,’” in Karner et al., Beiträge, 319–54.
43. From the official log of the ambassador of the USSR in Austria, B. F. Podtserob, 29 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 177–78. The transcript was made on 30 August 1968 and dispatched to Moscow by the Soviet embassy on 31 August 1968.
44. Kurt Waldheim, Im Glaspalast der Weltpolitik (Düsseldorf: Econ, 1985), 64; Waldheim told the story also in an interview. See Gehler, Österreichs Außenpolitik der Zweiten Republik, 342, 346; AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, pp. 177–78 (cf note 43).
45. Minutes of a meeting of the leadership of the CC CPSU with the leaders of the Communist parties of Bulgaria, Hungary, the GDR, and Poland, 8 May 1968, KC PVAR, p. 193, t. 24, Archivum Akt Nowych, Warsaw (hereafter abbreviated as AAN), reprinted in Karner et al., Dokumente, #77.
46. For details, see also report on the visit paid by the Soviet ambassador in Austria, Podtserob, to Austrian federal chancellor Klaus, 31 August 1968, AVP RF, F. 66, op. 47, p. 100, d. 6, 179–83, reprinted in Karner et al., Dokumente, #182.