10. Slater 1983:
11: Seid 1989:
12. Washington Post, 28 July 1992: 13. Frisch 1988; Anderson and Crawford 1992: 14: Smuts 1993:
15. Elder 1969; Buss 1992:
16. Ellis 1992:
17. Fisher 1930:
18. D: Singh, interview.
19. Low, Alexander, and Noonan 1987; Leakey and Lewin 1992; D: Singh, interview:
20. Ellis 1905:
21. The same idea—that fair hair is a sexually selected trait—has been put forward by Jonathan Kingdon recently; see Kingdon 1993: 22. Kingdon 1993:
23. This is a further reason that I am not convinced by Helen Fisher's (1992) theory that human pair bonds lasted about four years on average: 24. R: Thornhill, interview:
25. Galton 1883:
26. See "No Better Than Average" by M: Ridley, Science 257:328: 27. Dickemann 1979:
28. Buss 1992; Gould and Gould 1989:
29. Berscheid and Walster 1974; Gillis and Avis 1980; Ellis 1992; Shellberg 1992:
30. Sadalla, Kenrick, and Vershure 1987; Ellis 1992: 31. Daly and Wilson 1983:
32. Daly and Wilson 1983:
33. Ellis 1992: The other facts in this paragraph are from Trivers 1985; Ford and Beach 1951; Pratto, Sidanius, and Stallworth 1992; and Buss 1989: 34. Bell 1976:
35. Symons 1992; R: Alexander, interview:
36. Fallon and Rozin 1985:
37. Ellis 1905:
38. Low 1979:
39. Bell 1976:
40. Darwin 1871:
41. B: Ellis, interview:
::: 366 :::
NOTES
Chapter 1 o: The Intellectual Chess Game I: Connor, Smolker, and Richards (1992) argue that the social complexity of dolphin species roughly correlates with brain size. Bottle-nosed dolphins seem to be the most socially complex and the largest-brained species of alclass="underline" 2. Johansen and Edey 1981.
3. Tooby and Cosmides 1992:
4. Bloom 1992; Pinker and Bloom 1992:
5. Gould 1981:
6. Fox 1991:
7. Durkheim 1895:
8. Brown 1991:
9. Mead 1928:
10. Wilson 1975:
I I: Gould 1978:
12: Gould 1987:
I 3: Pinker and Bloom 1992:
14. Chomsky 1957:
15. Marr 1982; Hurlbert and Poggio 1988:
16: Tooby and Cosmides 1992:
17. Leakey and Lewin 1992:
18. Lewin 1984:
19. Dart 1954; Ardrey 1966:
20. Konner 1982:
21. R: Wrangham, interview:
22. Gould 1981:
23. Badcock 1991:
24. Montagu 1961:
25. Leakey and Lewin 1992:
26. Budiansky 1992:
27. S: J: Gould, reported in Pinker and Bloom 1992.
28. Pinker and Bloom 1992:
29. Alexander 1974, 1990:
30. Potts 1991:
31. Humphrey 1976:
32. Humphrey 1976, 1983:
33. Barlow, unpublished:
34. Crook 1991:
35. Pinker and Bloom 1992:
36. Tooby and Cosmides 1992:
37. Barlow 1990; Barkow 1992:
NOTES
::: 367 :::
38. Konner 1982:
39. Symons 1987:
40. Barlow 1987:
41: Byrne and Whiten 1985, 1988, 1992:
42. Macaulay's works, voclass="underline" I 1, "Essay on the Athenian Orators:"
43. Dawkins and Krebs 1978:
44. Cosmides 1989; Cosmides and Tooby 1992; Gigerenzer and Hug (in press): 45. Byrne and Whiten 1985, 1988, 1992:
46. Trivers 1991:
47. Goodall 1986:
48. Miller 1992:
49. Connor, Smolker, and Richards 1992.
50. De Waal 1982:
51. Miller 1992:
52. Buss 1989:
53. Symons 1979; G: Miller, interview:
54. Leakey and Lewin 1992:
55. G: Miller, correspondence:
56. Erickson and Zenone 1976:
57. Miller 1992; see also Miller and Todd 1990: 58. Webster 1992:
59. Badcock 1991:
I NDEX
Abortion, sex-selective, 122, 127
Andersson, Malte, I 37
Ache people, 191, 228
Antelopes, 187
Acheulian technology, 324
Anthony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), I I
Adaptation and Natural Selection (Williams), Anthropology, 4, 275, 318, 319
35
Antibiotics, 70—71
Adapted Mind, The (Barkow, Cosmides, and Antibodies, 74
Tooby), 313
Antigens, 74, 75
Adrenogenital syndrome, 255
Apes
Adultery, 176, 193, 202, 218—44
exogamy of, 189
among birds, 221—24, 227
gender differences in behavior of, 249
concealed ovulation and, 229—32
mating systems of, 176, 187, 213—17
among hunter-gatherers, 228—29
violence among, 203
inheritance patterns and, 238—43
See also Chimpanzees; Gibbons; Gorillas; jealousy and, 235—38
Orangutans
orgasm effect and, 224—26
Aphids, 57, 59
polygamy and, 232—3 5
Aquinas, Thomas, 6
testicular size and, 219—22
Aristotle, 120
violence and, 204
Arms race analogies, 67—71
Aeschylus, 204
Artificial intelligence, 320—21
Affirmative action, 262—63
Artificial life, 69, 77
African Queen, The (movie), 206
Assorted mating pattern, 305
Aggression, 316—17
Atahualpa, 199
gender differences in, 250, 252
Attractiveness, see Beauty
Agriculture, I94
Augustus, 200
AIDS, 71, 75, I03, 181, 182
Austad, Steven, 116
Aka pygmies, 193
Austen; Jane, 305, 3 3 3
Akhenaten, 198, 281
Australian aborigines, 193, 229
Albatrosses, 183, 184
Australopithecus afarensis, 189—90, 310—11, Alexander, Richard, 329, 330, 3 3 3
327
Alliance theory, 284
Automixis, 38
Altitude, 79—80
Aztecs, I98
Altmann, Jeanne, 118
Altruism, 34—37, 77
Baboons, intelligence of, 3 35—37
reciprocal, 194, 196
Babylon, 198, 206
Anaxagoras, I20
Bacteria, 66, 71, 94—95
Anderson, Roy. 84
antibiotics and, 70—71
I NDEX
::: 396 :::
Bacteria (cont:)
Birds of paradise, 147—48 ,
descendants of, I00—10I
Birkhead, Tim, 222, 223, 226—27
fusion and, 103, 104
Blind Watchmaker, The (Dawkins), I 5
male-killing genes in, I08
Bloom, Paul, 328—29, 332
Badcock, Christopher, 343
Bodmer, Walter, 84
Badouin, Count, 201
Bogart, Humphrey, 207
Baker, Robin, 224—26
Bonfire of the Vanities (Wolfe), 23 3
Baldwin, James Mark, 252
Bonobos, 216—17, 230
Baldwin effect, 323
Borgia, Cesare, 282
Bamboo, 80
Bosnia, 205
Bangladesh, 205
Botticelli, Sandro, 281, 288
Barlow, Horace, 3 31
Bounty (ship), 202
Basolo, Alexandra, 162
Bowerbirds, I47—48, 16 3
Bateman, A: J:, 179
Boyce, Mark, 151—52
B-chromosome, 71, 97
Brain
Bdelloid rotifers, 55—56, 85
critical period and, 285
Beauty, 133—34, 169, 279—306
of dolphins, 309—10
biased sex ratios and, 122
gender differences in, 247
child-rearing participation and, 224
hormones and, 254—58, 264
critical-period learning and, 286—87
mechanisms of, 32I—23
facial features and, 295—97
neoteny and, 327—29
fashion and, 30I—4
progression in size of, 310—13
female preference for, 134—46
toolmaking and, 323—25
genetic quality and, 146—49
Brain Stx (Moir and Jessel), 255
sexual mentality and, 267—68
Bremermann, Hans, 74, 75, 77